behaviour test 2.1

conservative process

comparative analysis of these brains suggests that evolution and development of different species brain have been a conservative process

nongenomic transmission

behavioural transmission of maternal traits

epigenetics

the modification of gene expression

neurogenesis

Neural stem cells divide and differentiate into functional neurons or glial cells

cell migration

the movement of cells to establish distinct nerve cell populations

differentiation

the transformation of cells to establish distinct types of neuron and glial cells

synaptogenesis

Neurons extend axons and dendrites to connect, sending projections, some will die or rearrange

neuronal cell death

the selective death of many nerve cells

differential gene expression

when they reach their destination, the cells begin to express particular genes. Therefore, cells transcribe subsets of genes to make specific proteins

synapse rearrangement

the loss of some synapses and development of others to refine synpatic connections

growth cones

specialized swellings at the tips of axons and dendrites

apoptosis

naturally occuring cell death to refine/sculpt the cells (regulated by cell cell interaction)

neurotrophic factors

the target structure releases a chemical that allows these neurons to survive (factors that allow the neuron to survive)

cortical reorganization

neurons taking a different function (digit 3 being replaced for digit 2 and 4)

axon shearing

caused by axons tearing and twisting due to the brain slamming against the skull

ischemia

the disruption of blood flow, a key factor in predicting the extent of damage following the brain injury

constraint -induced movement therapy (CIMT)

restraining the good limb forces the bad limb to work and restore function after brain injury