Bone Tissue

Osteology

Study of bones

Long bone

longer than they are wide (ex: femur, humerus)

Short bone

same width and height, Ex Carpels and Tarsals

Flat bone

thin and curved bone; Ex parietal and scapula

Irregular bone

Bones with complicated shapes (e.x., vertebrae and hip bones)

Compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

Spongy bone

Trabecular spaced bone deep to the compact

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints

Periosteum

Outer covering of bone

Endosteum

inner lining of bone

Medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow, aka marrow cavity.

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

Red bone marrow

produces blood cells

Yellow bone marrow

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

Intramembranous Ossification

growth of the short/flat bone

Endochondral ossification

growth of the long bone

What tissue does bone arise from ?

Hyaline cartilage

At what stage does the primary marrow cavity form?

Third stage

What structure allows for growth of a long bone

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

What happens when the Epiphyseal plate stops growthing

Bone stops growing longer.

Stress fracture

break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone

Pathological fracture

break in a bone weakened by some other disease

Compound fracture

bone breaks through the skin

Comminuted fracture

bone breaks into 3+ fragments

Displaced fracture

bone ends are out of normal alignment

Oblique fracture

occurs at an angle across the bone

Green stick fracture

incomplete fracture seen in children

What are the 4 staged of fracture healing

Hematoma formation, Soft callus, Hard callus, Bone remodeling

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteogenesis imperfecta

brittle bone disease

Osteosarcoma

malignant tumor of the bone

Ewing's sarcoma

a tumor in bone and soft tissue seen mainly in children causing local pain.

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Wolf's Law

states that bones grow or remodel in response to demands placed on them

achondroplastic dwarfism

Long bones stop growing in childhood

Normal torso, short limbs