1/122
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
How many pages of law were in the magna carta vs in Henry VIII’s reign?
1092 vs 1032
What did the reformation parliament primarily deal with?
the changes needed to make Henry the head of the church of England
How did Henry give parliament power?
Henry looked to parliament to confirm his position
How many parliaments did Henry call?
nine
When did the reformation parliament run, how many times did it meet?
1529-1536, met 7 times
what happened to laws and religious matters under Henry and parliament?
now applied to both religious and secular matters, acts of parliament became supreme law
What did Cromwell use parliament for?
trade, industry, food prices, rural depopulation and poverty
WHat had changed about the king and parliament?
was King and parliament, now King in parliament
When are the bulk of the new laws passed?
1529-1536, under the reformation parliament
What are laws written on?
parliamentary rolls
When was the medieval parliament usually called?
at the kings leisure, usually for taxation purposes
What do the huge increase in laws passed under henry tell us about parliament?
huge increase of parliaments role in governance
Why did Henry go through parliament to be made head of the church?
if it was done officially, then it couldn’t be questioned
Can Henry make laws by himself?
no, only proclomations
Why is the reformation parliament unusual in its law making, what is the exception?
to pass religious laws, bar Henry II
What does Elton say about parliament?
no longer 2 seperate entities, king now needs parliament to pass things
Who became the head of parliament under Hnery?
the crown
What was Cromwell’s aim with parliament?
to centralise issues so that they are no longer dealt with on a local level
what does the reformation parliament do for the future?
set a precedent
After the BWR what happened to the composition of the house of lords?
abbots disappear, becomes more secular size falls from over 100 to 80 MPs
What happens to the frequency that parliament is called at?
it increases
What do the house of commons create where do they go?
14 new boroughs who each send an MP to parliament
Why does the number of members of the HOC increase a second time?
act of unions with walesincreased the MPs from 296 to 400
What are statute laws, what happened?
laws made with royal consent, became the highest form of laws in England
what and when was the development of free speech?
1532, thomas More had requested it
What is Graves’ quote about HVIII?
Henry wielded a power unequalled by any other english monarch
How many MPs arrived from Wales?
24
What does Youings say about the dissolution?
it gave rise to the gentry class
Why does parliament meet more frequently?
it has more content to discuss
What is the George Ferrers case?
1542, arrested for debt shows that the house of commoms can arrest own Mps, eventually released by House of Commons
Why is the develpopment of free speech created?
More requests it after Wol keeps them sitting all summer and wants to complain about Wol (free speech without danger), by BWR parl have free speech in order to pass it
Why is time a reason why there was not a rev in parliament?
see the changes as natural due to changing times
Why is war a reason why there was not a rev in parliament?
kings usually call sparliament when they need money for war, Hanry was no different and constantly at war
Why is feuds between king and parliament a reason why there was not a rev in parliament?
part of the long history of feuds between the king and parliament
Why is Cromwell a reason why there was not a rev in parliament?
when crom was in the HoL it grew in importance (1539-40) when he was previously in the HoC it grew in importance
What did income grwo by with the dissolution, what was it by the end of the reign?
150,000 to 300,000 by the end was 1.3 million
What was the court of augmentations?
created in 1536 to deal with previos monastic land (sell land ti gentry)
What was the court of Wards?
1540, land temporarily in king’s possesssion due to the death of nobleman with infant children
What was the court of first fruits and tenths?
revamped, money from clergymen (act 1534) and annates
What was the court of general surveyers?
revamped, revenure from older crown lands
What financial system did henry use?
excequer, which was now very slow
What did each court have and who was in charge?
staff and accounting procedures, all crom men in charge, eg Gostwick in charge of first fruits (common)
Why was simplification a reason that there was not a rev in finances?
didn’t simplify, no single body
Why was reaction a reason that there was not a rev in finances?
many viewed the changes as reactionary and not revolutionary
Why was Henry a reason that there was not a rev in finances?
Henry spent all the money on fo po, £800,000 worth of land was paid for boulogne campaign, Salway Moss and Rough Wooing
Why was Henry and the secondary impacts a reason that there was not a rev in finances?
led to great debasement in the 1540s and loans from Antwerp by 1547 owed 100k
What did Edward IV and Henry VII use the chamber as?
a royal treasury
What does the revolution theory say about the Kings household?
personal methods of control replaced with departments the privy chamber now used for leisure and not admin
Why is the continuation of the privy chamber a reason that there was no rev in the kings household?
important, Cromwell tried to influence the choice of members
Why is the last 13 months of HVII’s life a reason that there was no rev in the kings household?
became hugely important as HVIII was too ill to leave his bedchambers
When is the right to sanctuary officially abolished, where and for whom?
1540 act of parliament, for traitors, treason, murderers, rapists and arsonists
Why are the JPs difficult to regulate?
could not get rid of all corrupt and incompetent ones so it left holes in local gov
What is the act of franchises and liberties, when was it?
1536, previously border areas (north and wales) were given extra powers in order to defend the country, however they became too self sufficient and self governing so Cromwell reversed it?
What is an example of an area that the act of franchises and liberties was aimed at?
Palatine of Durham
Where does Lord Dacre control?
Carlisle
Where dothe Percy’s control?
Northumberland
Where do the Nevilles control?
Westmoreland
What is a medieval saying that heavily links to the act of liberties and franchises?
‘Knew no other prince but the Percy’s
What happened to the council of the North and the Marches under Wolsey?
they became unofficial
What is the impact of the role of the Sheriff being in decline?
JPs became more important
How did the dissolution affect JPs?
gentry bought up land and now were looking for prestige and became JPs to try and achieve this
What were the old JPs like?
lazy, did the bare minimum
What were the new JPs like?
hugely effective as they wanted to make an impression, so effective that lots of complaints were levied
What was the negative side of being a JP?
unpaid
Who are JPs answerable to?
privy council, or the Council of the North/Wales depending on location
Why is Henry VII a reason that JPs were not revolutionary?
he had already increased their powers twice in 1485 and 1495
What do critics of the revolution in government theory say about the council of the north/wales?
no argument, at most can claim that it was reactionary and not revolutionary
When is the 1st act of union?
1536
what 3 things happen under the first act of union?
24 MPs from Wales to Westminster, english legal system and language (for law) was established, council of wales established and given powers of the Prince of Wales
Why was the council of Wales needed in 1536, why did it stay?
no heir (Ed born in 1537), Ed was too precious to send to Wales as they had no spare
What 4 things happen in the second act of union?
english becomes the language of government in Wales, divided into counties and shires, JPs and Sheriffs introduced, council of Wales reorganised to introduce border areas (eg Gloucester and marcher lands)
What is the role of the council of Wales?
govern wales, transmit orders, publish proclomations, act as a judicial court
When is the council of the north established?
1537
What is an example of the north being problematic?
1536 pilgrimage of grace
Which two northern families are very powerful?
Dacre and Percy
Where is the council of the North’s permanent location?
York
Where is the council of the north in charge of?
all land north of the river trent
What is the council of the North in charge of?
trade, food. dealing with treason, electing and overseeing JPs, legal and admin role
Why was the council of the north in charge of food and trade, how was it?
were huge food shortages so needed to store and stock it, unsuccessful
What is an example of the success of the council of the north?
1541 Wakefield plot - gentry and clergy plan to murder Archbishop of York (head of Council) and take pontefract Castle, plot failed
After POG when was the next northern rebellion?
1569 with the rebellion of the northern earls, in 1549 there were 17 rebellions none where in the north or wales
What is the story of henry percy?
earl of northumberland, betrothed to Anne Boleyn but was broken off by Wolsey as Henry had set his sites on Anne (Anne never forgave Wolsey and Percy never forgave Henry). In 1536 he is forced to preside over her trial and broke down when she was found guilty. After the trauma of 1536 he died in 1537
What is the issue with henry Percy’s family, what is the effect of it?
Henry was never involved with the pilgrimage of Grace but his family was, so upon his death the Percy’s do not inherit the earl of Northumberland title (until Mary)
What was the success like of the council of the west?
very poor
Why is the council of the west established in 1539?
dear of French invasion through Devon and Cornwall
Why was Henry worried about Devon and Cornwall?
history of rebellion
Who was in charge of the council of the west?
Lord Russel (Bristol, Catholic)
Who did the council of the west appoint?
Lord Lieutenants to raise local forces
When did the council of the west meet?
1540
Why did the council of the west disband?
improvement in foreign Policy as France and Spain were at war again
What is a reason that indicates why the western rebellion got so out of hand?
no council of the west
Who came up with the revolution in government idea?
Elton
What does Elton call Cromwell?
an innovator in government
What book written by Elton argues for the revolution in government?
The Tudor revolution in government
What does the revolution in government replace?
the old medieval system
What does Elton say about the realm pre Cromwell?
it was essentially the kings private estate with most admin done by the kings household servants rather than separate offices
When was Cromwell chief minister?
1532-1540
What is the Elton quote about Cromwell and centralisation of power?
Cromwell shone Tudor light into the darker corners of the realm
Who is the main critic of Elton?
Starkey
What was the medieval system of council?
one large council between 70-90 men