PTE Science Test

What is Ionization Energy?

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.

Helium has the highest Ionization Energy meaning it is more difficult it is to remove an electron

(2372kJ/mol), though it’s atomic radius is very small. ^>

What is Atomic Radius?

The distance from the nucleus to the shell. Francium has the largest atomic radius meaning it’s shell is the farthest from the nucleus. ^>

What is Electronegativity?

An atom's ability to attract electrons away from other atoms. The higher electronegativity means the more strongly that element attracts the shared electrons.^>

What is Electron Affinity?

The energy released when an atom gains an electron. The higher the electron affinity

an atom more easily accepts electrons. ^>

What are the traits of Alkali Metals?

• Most reactive group of metals

• Never found a combined element in nature

• Soft/Shiny

What are the traits of Alkaline Earth Metals?

• 2nd most reactive group of metals

• Shiny/Silvery white

• Found in earth’s crust

What are the traits of Transition Metals?

• Largest group

• High electron conductivity

• Very hard, used for things like jewelry

What are the traits of

Post-Transitions Metals?

• Soft/Brittle

• Poor conductors of electricity

What are the traits of

Lanthanides?

* Known as rare-earth-metals

What are the traits of Actinides?

* Highly electropositive

What are the traits of

Metalloids?

• Brittle, Hard

• Somewhat reactive

• Solids at room temperature

What are the traits of

Halogens?

• Most reactive nonmetals

• Salt-forming

What are the traits of the

Noble Gases?

• mostly non reactive

• Colorless, orderless

How many elements did

Mendeleev have to start with?

63

Why was Mendeleev’s table stand out from others?

Mendeleev was able to predict multiple elements and their characteristics.

How are Mendeleev’s periodic table organized?

By atomic weight/atomic mass.

When did Mendeleev publish his table?

1869

What are Valence Electrons?

The amount of electrons on the outer shell, can also be predicted based on group of the element.

What are periods on the periodic table?

Rows

What are groups on the periodic table?

Columns

What are ions?

Positive or negative charge an element has depending on the number of electrons and protons. As an example Ca2+ = Carbon with 2 more protons than electrons. Cation ions are positive ions and Anion ions are negative ions.

What does “Luster” mean?

Ability to reflect light.

What does “Conductivity” mean?

An element ability to transmit or pass along heat/electricity.

What does “Malleability” mean?

Ability to bend before breaking.

What does “Ductility” mean?

Ability to pull into wire.

How do you find the Atomic mass of an element?

Protons + Neutrons

What are the 3 types of elements?

1. Metals

2. Metalloids

3. Non-Metals

Are the noble gases stable?

YES, very.

What is the greatest number of valence electrons an atom can have?

8 valence electrons.

What do the periods mean?

The number of orbitals for the elements in that row

What is a Nuclear fission?

When an atom is split in 2.

The modern Periodic Table of Elements is now organized by...

Atomic number.

What is a Isotope?

An atom that differs in the number of neutrons, but has the same number of protons.

What is the most useful property of the metalloids?

It’s semiconducting behavior.