Cardiovascular/ Renal System cirrus
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84 Terms
What term describes the electrical signal that causes a muscle to contract?
Why do most statins work better if taken in the evening?
Which thrombolytic agent binds to fibrin, converts plasminogen to plasmin, and is incompatible with dextrose?
What are 5 lifestyle factors that may contribute to the development of heart disease?
What form of angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors all end in which of the following suffixes?
The narrowing of the arteries due to deposits of cholesterol and fat on the inner surface of the vessel is known as
Which of the following is the most common side effect of a calcium channel blocker?
Which of the following is a beta blocker that is commonly used in the treatment of angina?
What was the first beta blocker approved for treatment of COPD?
carvedilol
What class of drugs that is used to dissolve clots must be reconstituted in water and then gently swirled, never shaken?
Which of the following nitrates has an ointment dosage form that is applied to a patient's chest wall?
Beta blockers may be used in combination with what other drug to reduce the risk of death or recurrence following a myocardial infarction?
Which of the following ACE inhibitors used to treat heart failure has an IV dosage form?
In what part of the heart do the pacemaker cells generate a normal cardiac rhythm?
What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate?
Which of the following is a common side effect while taking ACE inhibitors?
a persistent, annoying cough
Candesartan is an antihypertensive drug that is in what other category
angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB)
Which of the following anticoagulant drugs is available in tablet form?
Which of the antiplatelet drugs listed below is a glycoprotein antagonist?
What does the systolic blood pressure reading represent?
pressure after the heart has emptied
Patients on warfarin therapy should maintain consistent intake of which of the following foods?
Which of the following drug classes work by eliminating sodium and water from the body?
Treatment of an acute MI often includes oxygen, aspirin, and which of the following drugs?
Which of the following drugs reduces cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol?
What occurs when the flow of oxygenated blood to a section of the heart is blocked?
myocardial infarction
Patients taking which of the following classes of drugs should *not* take sildenafil, vardenafil, or tadalafil due to the possible lowering of blood pressure to dangerous levels?
Which of the following is characterized by effort-induced pain from physical activity or emotional stress?
When reconstituting thrombolytics drugs, which of the following should be avoided?
Angina pectoris is chest pain due to an imbalance of which of the following?
Grapefruit juice should be avoided by patients who take
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplements are used for all the following conditions *except*
The international normalized ratio is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot and is used to monitor which of the following?
A persistent cough seems to be the most troublesome side effect of
Which of the following is a goal when initial treatment of MI begins?
opening blocked arteries
_____ is the antidote for warfarin.
Some beta blockers like atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol, and timolol have a black box warning for which of the following?
increased cardiac symptoms with abrupt discontinuation
Which of the following is *not* a risk factor for DVT?
What is the typical suffix for generic angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors?
Which of the following drug classes are commonly used to treat hypertension by eliminating sodium and water from the body?
Beta blockers all end in which of the following suffixes?
What drug must be dispensed in the original amber glass container because it adheres to soft plastic and can lose its effectiveness?
Why should patients have patch-free time when using a nitroglycerin patch?
A patient on digoxin therapy who experiences nausea, vertigo, general weakness, and yellow-green halos may need which of the following agents?
Which of the following is a sign that a dose of nitroglycerine is working?
Which of the following lipoproteins is the "good cholesterol" because it may reduce the risk of heart disease?
Which of the following drugs requires the patient to be placed in a facility that can provide monitoring and resuscitation for a period of three days?
Amiodarone, dofetilide, and dronedarone must be dispensed with a(n)
The use of membrane-stabilizing agents should be reserved for which of the following?
life-threatening arrhythmias
When a patient starts nitroglycerin therapy, he or she may experience which of the following side effects?
_____ is a progressive condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the body's needs.
Beta blockers are classified as _____ antiarrhythmic agents.
Which of the following is true of metoprolol tartrate?
It is an immediate-release tablet and best taken with food.
Which of the following drugs is used when a patient has bradycardia?
Beta-1 receptors are found primarily in the
Beta-2 receptors are found primarily in the
lungs
ACE inhibitors should be avoided by which patient population?
A patient who takes an extended-release drug with a ghost pill should
What is the appropriate medical term for the process of urination?
nocturia
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are similar to which of the following antibiotic classes?
sulfonamides
Thiazide diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics tend to be used for treating
hypertension
Which of the following drugs works by blocking the exchange of potassium for sodium that takes place in the distal tubule?
triamterene
Loop diuretics are frequently used to treat
edema
What is the primary purpose of using diuretics?
to rid the body of excess fluid
In which part of the urine production process are substances selectively pulled back into the blood?
reabsorption
Urine formation is essential for normal body function because it enables the blood to reabsorb which of the following?
electrolytes
Clinical studies have shown that _____ may have efficacy similar to that of finasteride in reducing the symptoms of BPH
saw palmetto
Patients taking which of the following classifications of drugs should take special precautions to minimize exposure to infection?
immunosuppressants
The Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, artery, vein, capillary, loop of Henle, and collecting duct make up the anatomy of the
nephron
Which of the following types of diuretics is used to increase excretion of bicarbonate ions, which carry sodium, potassium, and water into the urine?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Which structure is part of the lower urinary tract?
bladder
What is an example of a loop diuretic?
furosimide
What term is used to describe the working units of the kidneys?
nephrons
When creatinine clearance drops below 30 mL/min or 60 mL/min, which of the following must happen to certain drug therapies that depend upon renal elimination for proper clearance from the body?
The dose must be lowered
What diuretic drug class does the drug acetazolamide belong to?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
What is the clinical syndrome resulting from renal dysfunction called?
uremia
Patients taking a thiazide diuretic should ingest a banana, orange juice, or citrus fruits daily to replace
potassium
Which of the following is a laboratory test of kidney function?
serum creatinine
Which class of diuretics should be prescribed with caution to patients on ACE inhibitors?
potassium-sparing
what is the purpose of a diuretic
to increase urine output
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Flashcards (68)