Food Semester 2 Exam

What is the purpose of kneading dough in bread baking?

To develop the gluten structure

What is the ideal temperature for proofing yeast in bread baking?

80°F (27°C) to 85°F (29°C)

What is the primary purpose of scoring the dough before baking bread?

To control the direction of expansion

What is the main function of the preheated oven in the initial stages of bread baking?

To set the crust

What ingredient is responsible for the fermentation process in bread baking?

Yeast

Which process involves allowing the dough to rise before shaping it for the final bake?

Proofing

What is the purpose of using a steam injection or a water pan in bread baking?

To add moisture for a crisp crust

What role does the addition of fats, such as butter or oil, play in bread baking?

It creates a tender crumb

What is the primary fat used in making puff pastry?

Butter

What is the process of cutting fat into flour to create a crumbly mixture in pastry making called?

Incorporation

What is the purpose of blind baking a pastry crust?

To prevent it from becoming soggy

What is the main leavening agent used in making shortcrust pastry?

None, as it is unleavened

What gives choux pastry its characteristic light and airy texture?

Steam created during baking

Which pastry is commonly used as a base for quiches and tarts?

Shortcrust pastry

What is the purpose of punching the pastry dough before baking?

To promote even rising

What gives filo pastry its characteristic thin and flaky layers?

Repeated folding and rolling

Which pastry is typically used to make éclairs and cream puffs?

Choux pastry

What is the primary ingredient in making a Danish pastry dough?

Puff pastry

What should you do before using any electrical appliance in the kitchen?

Check for any frayed cords or exposed wires.

Why is it important to use cutting boards while preparing food?

To prevent cross-contamination and protect the countertop from scratches.

Why shouldn't you put a wet cloth near electrical cords?

Water conducts electricity and can lead to an electric shock

Why shouldn't you use wet oven mitts or potholders when handling hot dishes?

Water conducts heat and can instantly transfer the heat from the hot dish to your hands

How often should you change kitchen towels and sponges?

2-3 days to prevent growth of bacteria

Why is it important to store raw meat separately from other food items in the refrigerator?

To prevent cross-contamination.

What is the recommended temperature for refrigerators to ensure food safety?

The refrigerator temperature should be set at or below 40°F (4°C) to slow the growth of bacteria

What precaution should you take when reheating leftovers in the microwave?

Ensure that leftovers are heated thoroughly and evenly to kill any remaining bacteria, and stir or rotate the food during the reheating process.

How can you prevent the growth of bacteria in dishcloths and scrubbers?

Rinse dishcloths and scrubbers thoroughly after each use, and allow them to air dry completely to prevent bacterial growth.

What should you do if you accidentally spill raw meat juices on the kitchen counter?

Immediately clean and sanitize the affected area with a disinfectant to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.

What is the most common cause of kitchen fires?

Unattended cooking.

What should you do before cleaning a spill near an electrical appliance?

Turn off the appliance first.

What should you do if you ingest a toxic substance accidentally?

Seek medical help immediately and bring the container.

What is the best way to prevent microwave-related accidents?

Open containers slowly to release steam.

Which of the following is a common cause of choking accidents in the kitchen?

Eating too quickly.

What is the best way to prevent children from accessing harmful kitchen items?

Educate them about potential hazards.

What should you do if you encounter a gas leak in the kitchen?

Turn off the gas supply immediately.

What is the best way to handle a small electrical fire in the kitchen?

Unplug the appliance or use a fire extinguisher.

How can you prevent food poisoning in the kitchen?

Wash hands and utensils thoroughly before cooking.

What should you do if you witness a serious kitchen accident?

Provide first aid if trained, and call emergency services.

What is a garnish?

An item or substance used as a decoration or embellishment for a dish, enhancing its appearance and flavour.

How can you use Chocolate & feather icing?

Chocolate and feather icing can be used to decorate cakes and pastries, providing a visually appealing design and adding flavor.

List some foods that can be used as a garnish and how they can be prepared.

Foods that can be used as garnishes include fresh herbs (chopped or whole), citrus slices (cut into wedges or rounds), or edible flowers (washed and arranged).

What is the role of yeast in bread making?

Yeast ferments sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide gas that causes the dough to rise and develop texture.

What gas is released during fermentation?

Carbon dioxide

What is the function of gluten in bread making?

It provides elasticity and strength to the dough, allowing it to rise and maintain its shape.

What temperature should be added to activate yeast?

Around 100°F to 110°F (37°C to 43°C).

What is the purpose of kneading?

It develops gluten in the dough, improving its texture and elasticity.

Define proofing.

Proofing is the final rise of the shaped dough before baking, allowing it to expand and develop flavor.

Define fermenting.

Fermenting is the process where yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.

Define punching.

Punching is the act of deflating the dough after the first rise to redistribute the yeast and gases.

Define knocking.

Knocking is similar to punching; it involves gently deflating the dough to prepare it for shaping.

What temperature is required for bread baking?

Bread is typically baked at temperatures ranging from 350°F to 475°F (175°C to 245°C), depending on the recipe.

Why do we add liquid to pastry ingredients gradually?

It helps control the dough's consistency and prevents it from becoming too wet or sticky.

Why do we handle pastry as little as possible?

Handling pastry minimally prevents the development of gluten, which can make the pastry tough instead of flaky.

Why do we rest pastry in the fridge?

Resting pastry in the fridge allows the gluten to relax, making it easier to roll out and shape.

What is blind baking?

Blind baking is the process of pre-baking a pie crust without filling to prevent it from becoming soggy.

Explain the golden rule for pastry: 'Cool to make, hot to bake.'

This rule emphasizes that pastry should be prepared in a cool environment to prevent melting, but baked in a hot oven to achieve a crispy texture.

How is puff pastry made?

Puff pastry is made by layering dough and butter, rolling and folding it multiple times to create thin layers that puff up during baking.

How is short-crust pastry different from flaky pastry?

Short-crust pastry is tender and crumbly, while flaky pastry has layers that create a light, flaky texture.

Why is pastry known as energy-dense food?

Pastry is energy-dense due to its high fat and carbohydrate content, providing a significant amount of calories in a small serving.

What does a good recipe have?

A good recipe includes clear instructions, precise measurements, cooking times, and serving suggestions.

What is food poisoning?

Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or beverages, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

What are safe temperatures for food?

Safe temperatures for food storage are below 40°F (4°C) for refrigeration and above 140°F (60°C) for hot foods.

What is the danger zone for food?

The danger zone for food is between 40°F (4°C) and 140°F (60°C), where bacteria can grow rapidly.

What happens to bacteria out of the danger zone?

Bacteria growth slows or stops when food is kept out of the danger zone, reducing the risk of foodborne illness.

Why do we need to preheat the oven?

Preheating the oven ensures that food cooks evenly and at the correct temperature from the start.

What does 'work flow' mean?

'Work flow' refers to the organized sequence of tasks and processes in a kitchen to maximize efficiency and minimize time.

How does work flow help you organize your time during practical work?

Effective work flow helps prioritize tasks, reduces downtime, and ensures that all necessary steps are completed in a timely manner.

What are the main reasons why accidents occur in the kitchen?

Accidents in the kitchen can occur due to various reasons including lack of attention, improper use of equipment, slippery surfaces, inadequate training, and failure to follow safety protocols.

What are the main types of accidents that occur in the kitchen and how do you treat them?

Common kitchen accidents include cuts, burns, slips, and falls. Treatment involves cleaning wounds, applying cold water to burns, using bandages for cuts, and ensuring the area is dry to prevent slips.

Why is personal hygiene important while working in the kitchen?

Personal hygiene is crucial in the kitchen to prevent food contamination, protect the health of consumers, and maintain a clean cooking environment.

What are the nutritional values and qualities of pastry?

Pastry is typically high in carbohydrates and fats. Its qualities include flakiness, tenderness, and the ability to hold shape, which are achieved through specific mixing and baking methods.

Define free range, barn, and cage conditions in egg production.

Free range refers to hens that have outdoor access, barn conditions involve hens kept indoors in a barn with space to move, and cage conditions confine hens in small cages with limited movement.

What are macronutrients and why are they important?

Macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They are essential for energy, growth, and overall health.

What should you analyze in food labeling?

When analyzing food labels, check for nutritional information, ingredient lists, serving sizes, and any allergen warnings.

What are the benefits of high fiber foods?

High fiber foods promote digestive health, help regulate blood sugar levels, and can aid in weight management by increasing satiety.

What are the steps involved in bread making?

The steps include mixing ingredients, kneading the dough, allowing it to rise (proofing), shaping, and baking. Each step is crucial for developing texture and flavor.

What are the steps for chocolate and feather icing decoration?

Steps include preparing the icing, applying a base layer, using a piping bag for feathering, and allowing it to set before serving.

What are the four key areas in the design process?

Investigation, Design, Production, and Evaluation

Define al dente.

Al dente is an Italian term meaning 'to the tooth,' referring to pasta that is cooked to be firm when bitten.

Define blanch.

Blanching is a cooking process where food is briefly boiled and then quickly cooled in ice water to preserve color and texture.

Define feathering.

Feathering is a technique in icing decoration where colors are swirled together to create a feather-like pattern.

Define proofing.

Allowing yeast dough to rise before baking which enables the yeast to ferment and produce gas, giving the bread its texture.