Abnormal Behaviours and Treatment

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51 Terms

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Generalized anxiety disorder

Excessive and uncontrollable anxiety and worry lasting for more days over at least 6 months.

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Symptoms of PTSD

nightmares/unwanted memories, avoidance of situations that bring back memories, heightened reactions

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Phobic disorder

 irrational fear of an object that interferes with normal functioning

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PTSD

Re-experiencing stress from a traumatic event, causing panic attacks and avoidance behaviors.

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Panic disorder

Uncontrollable panic attacks lasting for an extended period, with symptoms like shortness of breath and racing heart. (> 2 weeks)

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Cluster C; Obsessive stress leading to ritualistic behaviors to alleviate anxiety, seen in various conditions like Tourette’s and eating disorders.

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Major depressive disorder

Profound sadness, loss of interest in previous pleasures, and changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels lasting for more than 2 weeks.

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Bipolar Disorder

Episodes of mania and depression, with symptoms like inflated self-esteem and high energy.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Presence of two or more distinct personality states, often a reaction to trauma.

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Schizophrenia

Affects clear thinking, feeling, and behavior, with symptoms like hallucinations and social withdrawal.

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Personality disorders

Clustered into A, B, and C types, affecting behavior and relationships differently.

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Psychotherapy

Insight therapies like psychoanalysis and humanism, focusing on uncovering unconscious conflicts and personal growth.

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Cognitive therapies

Treat anxiety, PTSD, and depression by altering thought patterns and behaviors.

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Biomedical therapies

Include medications like SSRIs and antipsychotics, as well as treatments like electroconvulsive therapy and neurostimulation.

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Humanistic therapy

Focuses on self-image, personal growth, and client-centered approaches to examine true nature and reduce distress.

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Triggers for PTSD

 exposure to actual/threatened death and serious injury or sexual violations

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Symptoms of panic disorder

 shortness of breath, racing heart, unfocused feeling of out of control -> can come on rapidly

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What is OCD seen in?

Tourette’s, chronic tic disorder, eating disorders, ADHD

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Symptoms of major depressive disorder

changes in sleep, appetite, energy level, concentration, daily behaviour, self-esteem, thoughts of suicide, unable to engage in basic behaviour for > 2 weeks

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Who is more vulnerable?

Abnormalities at norepinephrine + serotonin synapses, reduced hippocampal volume + suppressed neurogenesis (forming new neurons), hormonal changes resulting overactivity along HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal), learned helplessness

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Manic episodes

inflated self-esteem, high energy, racing thoughts

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Somatoform disorders

Suffers from some form of physical ailment, when there is no real cause for that ailment to occur

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Conversion Disorder

convert stress into some physical ailment

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Hypochondria

believes that he has major medical malady, but doctors find nothing physically wrong; Patient seeks treatment for an ailment that he believes exists

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Anorexia nervosa

refusing to eat

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Bulimia nervosa

cannot stop eating + self-induced compensations

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Binge-eating disorder

eats a lot in ONE episode

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Causes for DID

reaction to trauma as a way to help a person avoid bad memories

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Psychogenic or dissociative fugue state

 forgetting past and creates new history

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Psychogenic amnesia

forgets past but realizes it is forgotten

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Symptoms for schizophrenia

touch with reality, disorganized speech, decreased daily participation, difficulty with concentration and memory

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positive symptoms for schizophrenia

presence of problematic behaviours; Hallucinations, Delusions, Wild flights of ideas

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negative symptoms for schizophrenia

absence of healthy behaviours; Flattened emotions, Social withdrawal, Apathy

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Cluster A

odd behaviour

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Paranoid

Cluster A; mistrust of others

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Schizoid

Cluster A; lack interest in social relationships

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Schizotypal

Cluster A; odd beahviour or thinking

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Cluster B

dramatic

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Antisocial

Cluster B; disregard for the law and rights of others

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Borderline

Cluster B; instability in relationship

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Histrionic

Cluster B; pervasive attention-seeking

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Narcissistic

Cluster B;  need for admiration

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Cluster C

anxious

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Avoidant

Cluster C; social inhibition

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Dependent

Cluster C; pervasive on others

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Ego-dystonic

they know they have a problem and is distressed

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Ego-syntonic

do not believe they have any issues

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Psychotherapy

insight therapies

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Psychoanalysis

help patient uncover unconscious conflicts that give rise to anxiety; 1 hr/day several days a week for several years

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Humanism

Provide a sounding board for people to voice their thoughts; Active listening and parroting

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Behaviorism

Create environmental context in conflict with behaviours demonstrated