class 2 dental xrays

define xrays

• high electromagnetic wave

• passes thru solid matter

define dental xrays

• pics of teeth, bone, and soft tissue

• determine if there’s problems w teeth, mouth, or jaw

dental xrays can reveal

cavities, bone loss, hidden dental structures (wisdom teeth)

xrays produce? what does it mean to be exposed to radiation?

• radiation

• radiation being absorbed by the body

T or F: dental x rays are high risk compared to other medical xrays?

false, lower risk than most medical xrays

T or F: a very low effective dose is required to capture a dental xray?

True, you only need a low dose

define Millisievert (mSv)

• measurement used for effective dose of radiation

• effect. dose = refers to the amt. of radiation risk to the body

2 types of radiation

1. primary

2. scattered

define primary radiation

when the body absorbs radiation from primary beam

define scattered radiation

xray beam is intercepted by an object (tooth) and deflected to exposed body tissue

biological effects of radiation is classified in 2 main categories

tissue reactions and stochastic effects

define tissue reactions

non-cancerous effect to the body from a dose of radiation

2 types of tissue reactions

1. early tissue

2. late tissue

define early tissue reactions

reaction may appear shortly after exposure

define late tissue reactions

reaction may appear months to years after exposure

define stochastic effects

• effects that develop over time due to radiation

• development is random

2 examples of stochastic effects

1. cancer

2. genetic effects

3 methods used to control radiation

1. time: minimize exposure time

2. distance: maximize distance

3. shielding: use a barrier

methods to protect the patient

1. lead apron

2. doctors consent

3. correct technique

methods of dental xrays

conventional film and digital xray

how are conventional film and digital xray the same?

use the same machine, lead apron, xray holders

define conventional xrays

• film packs are used

• film MUST be developed

define digital xrays

• sensors are used

• sensor is synced w computer and image appears on screen

conventional film packs contain

• flexible film (or two)

• surrounded by black paper film, wrapper, foil, and pouch to protect and become developed

there are different _ and _ of conventional film

sizes, speeds

types of dental xrays?

• full mouth series

• bitewings

• periapical

• panorex

• cephalometric

define full mouth series

• best overall look at mouth

• also known as FMX or FMS

FMX consists of how many

18 xrays (14 PA and 4 BW)

define BW xrays

• known as cavity detecting

• used to diagnose interproximal (between teeth) cavities

bitewings can be taken

horizontally or vertically

define PA xrays

• from crown to apex

• taken on anterior and posterior

define panorex xray image

• general overview of mouth

• best view of wisdom teeth

• scans for oral cancer

define cephalometric xray

• mainly ortho uses it

• identifies jaw relationship and growth patterns

2 of the intraoral techniques

paralleling and bisecting

types of xray machines

• wall mounted

• hand held

• panorex

• cephalometric

• cone beam

define wall mounted

• used for PA, occlusal, FMX

• most common

define hand held machine

• same as wall-mounted but portable

• ex: No-Mad

• mainly in hospitals, nursing homes

define panorex machine

• not for teeth, but for sinus areas, nasal areas, and mandibular nerve

• for wisdom teeth and cancer

• there’s stand-up or sit-down

define cone beam machine

• 3D xrays

• used for TMJ dysfunction, oral surgery, ortho, endo, and implants

where are conventional xrays developed

dark room or daylight loader

the room needs to be _ for conventional xrays

completely dark except for a safelight

modern method to develop conventional xrays?

using automatic processor, still use dark room/daylight loader

define scanX

• uses reusable imaging plates, processor, and computer

• don’t throw away imaging plate

define digital xrays

digital sensor is used

how do amalgam fillings look on xrays

radiopaque (extremely white)

what is pontic

they put a fake tooth where there is no root