Studied by 34 people
Animal
A living organism has sensation and the power of voluntary movement and requires oxygen and organic food for its existence
Animal Science
The systematic observation of domesticated creatures used as food by humans for the purpose of discovering the laws that govern their existance
Herd
Group of cattle and swine
Bovine
Adjective of cattle
Bos taurus and Bos indicus
Scientific name of cattle
Calving
Act of parturition in cattle
Calf
General term for young cattle
Bull
Young and adult male cattle
Heifer
Young female cattle
Cow
Mature female cattle
Steer
Castrated cattle
Porcine
Swine adjective
Sus scrofa and Sus domesticus
Scientific name of swine
Farrowing
Act of parturition in swine
Pig
General term for young swine
Gild
Young female swine
Boar
Young and adult male swine
Sow
Mature female swine
Barrow
Castrated male swine
Flock
Group of sheep
Ovine
Adjective for sheep
Ovis aries
Scientific name for sheep
Lamb
General term for young sheep
Ewe lamb
Young female sheep
Ram lamb
Young male sheep
Ewe
Mature female sheep
Ram
Mature male sheep
Wether
Castrated sheep
Band
Group of horses
Equine
Adjective for horses
Equus caballus
Scientific name for horses
Lambing
Act of parturition in sheep
Foaling
Act of parturition in horses
Foal
General term for young horses
Filly
Young female horse
Colt
Young male horse
Stallion
Mature male horse
Mare
Mature female horse
Gelding
Castrated horse
Bullock
Male bovine less than 20 mo.
Heiferette
Cow that calved and didnāt nurse
Stag
Animal castrated after sexual maturity
Stud
Stallion/ place where males are kept
Purebred/seedstock producer
Produce animals for breeding, animals are registered and bred for specific trait
Jack
Male donkey
Jennet
Female donkey
Mule
Jack x Mare
Hinny
Stallion x Jennet
Commercial producer
Produces animals for commodities, not registered, most livestock production
Average Daily Gain
lbs gained/days
Feed efficiency
lbs of feed/lbs of gain
Dressing percentage
Percent of usable product off of carcass
Dystotya
Difficulty giving birth
Commercial (cow calf)
Purebred/seedstock
Type of beef cattle production
Cow calf
Operator raises calf from birth to wean
Stocker yearling
Wean to roughly 700 lbs on grass
Feedlot
Livestock are fed high energy feed to finish them to market weight
Wean to feedlot
Calves are weaned then sent directly to feed lot, market weight lower than wean-grass-feedlot
Dry
not lactating
Open
Not pregnant
Wet
Lactating
Wean-grass-feedlot
Calves are weaned put on grass then moved to feedlot, finish 100-200lbs heavier than wean-feedlot
Texas
Leading state in beef production
Brazil
Leading country in beef production
Feeder pig
Pigs are weaned then sold to be raised to market weight
Feeder pig finishing
Weaned pigs are purchased then raised to market weight
Farrow to finish
Pigs are born and raised to market weight on site, most common
Allows producer to determine sowās productivity
Why are pigs weighed at weaning
Creep feed
Slowly introducing solid food to make weaning less of a shock
Intestines are not fully formed and have low immunity of disease
Why canāt animals be weaned to early
Number of hogs and hog farms have declined but pork production has risen
Hog production trends
China
Leading country in hog production
Iowa
Leading state in hog production
Between the hooves
Where are sheeps glands located
Fiber, milk, hides, and meat
What do sheep provide
Farm flock
Smaller land and flocks, midwest and west coast, 50-100 head, more surviving lambs per ewe
Predators, poisnous plants, and parasites
What are the three pās of how lambs are lost
Range Flock
Large amounts of land and sheep, 1000-5000 head, primarily in West, less surviving lamb per ewe
Feedlot (lamb)
More than 1000 head, lambs are ready for slaughter at wean
China
Leading country in sheep production
Texas
Leading state in sheep production
Middle to upperclass
What is the financial demographic of horse owners today
1100 lbs
Mature quarter horse weight
500 lbs
Horse weaning age
715 lbs
Horse yearling weight
Lots of equipment and investment, very specialized
Why is dairy production hard to enter
Number of dairy herds, producers, and total number of cows has decreased but average herd size and dairy production has increased
Trends in dairy industry
305 days 2x ME
Standard reporting for dairy
Mature equivalent 5-8 yrs
ME
16,000-20,000 lbs
Yearly family dairy production
27-000-29,000
Yearly corporate dairy production
India
Leading country in milk production
California
Leading country in milk production
Georgia
Leading state in poultry production
China
Leading country in egg production
US
Leading country in poultry production
Food scarcity
Vegetarianism is related to ______
Profitable and allow us to use land unfit for crops
Why produce livestock
Chronic persistent hunger
Long term malnutrition
15%
What percent of the U.S. is food inscure
Note 
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