ANSC Exam 1

Animal

A living organism has sensation and the power of voluntary movement and requires oxygen and organic food for its existence

Animal Science

The systematic observation of domesticated creatures used as food by humans for the purpose of discovering the laws that govern their existance

Herd

Group of cattle and swine

Bovine

Adjective of cattle

Bos taurus and Bos indicus

Scientific name of cattle

Calving

Act of parturition in cattle

Calf

General term for young cattle

Bull

Young and adult male cattle

Heifer

Young female cattle

Cow

Mature female cattle

Steer

Castrated cattle

Porcine

Swine adjective

Sus scrofa and Sus domesticus

Scientific name of swine

Farrowing

Act of parturition in swine

Pig

General term for young swine

Gild

Young female swine

Boar

Young and adult male swine

Sow

Mature female swine

Barrow

Castrated male swine

Flock

Group of sheep

Ovine

Adjective for sheep

Ovis aries

Scientific name for sheep

Lamb

General term for young sheep

Ewe lamb

Young female sheep

Ram lamb

Young male sheep

Ewe

Mature female sheep

Ram

Mature male sheep

Wether

Castrated sheep

Band

Group of horses

Equine

Adjective for horses

Equus caballus

Scientific name for horses

Lambing

Act of parturition in sheep

Foaling

Act of parturition in horses

Foal

General term for young horses

Filly

Young female horse

Colt

Young male horse

Stallion

Mature male horse

Mare

Mature female horse

Gelding

Castrated horse

Bullock

Male bovine less than 20 mo.

Heiferette

Cow that calved and didn’t nurse

Stag

Animal castrated after sexual maturity

Stud

Stallion/ place where males are kept

Purebred/seedstock producer

Produce animals for breeding, animals are registered and bred for specific trait

Jack

Male donkey

Jennet

Female donkey

Mule

Jack x Mare

Hinny

Stallion x Jennet

Commercial producer

Produces animals for commodities, not registered, most livestock production

Average Daily Gain

lbs gained/days

Feed efficiency

lbs of feed/lbs of gain

Dressing percentage

Percent of usable product off of carcass

Dystotya

Difficulty giving birth

Commercial (cow calf)

Purebred/seedstock

Type of beef cattle production

Cow calf

Operator raises calf from birth to wean

Stocker yearling

Wean to roughly 700 lbs on grass

Feedlot

Livestock are fed high energy feed to finish them to market weight

Wean to feedlot

Calves are weaned then sent directly to feed lot, market weight lower than wean-grass-feedlot

Dry

not lactating

Open

Not pregnant

Wet

Lactating

Wean-grass-feedlot

Calves are weaned put on grass then moved to feedlot, finish 100-200lbs heavier than wean-feedlot

Texas

Leading state in beef production

Brazil

Leading country in beef production

Feeder pig

Pigs are weaned then sold to be raised to market weight

Feeder pig finishing

Weaned pigs are purchased then raised to market weight

Farrow to finish

Pigs are born and raised to market weight on site, most common

Allows producer to determine sow’s productivity

Why are pigs weighed at weaning

Creep feed

Slowly introducing solid food to make weaning less of a shock

Intestines are not fully formed and have low immunity of disease

Why can’t animals be weaned to early

Number of hogs and hog farms have declined but pork production has risen

Hog production trends

China

Leading country in hog production

Iowa

Leading state in hog production

Between the hooves

Where are sheeps glands located

Fiber, milk, hides, and meat

What do sheep provide

Farm flock

Smaller land and flocks, midwest and west coast, 50-100 head, more surviving lambs per ewe

Predators, poisnous plants, and parasites

What are the three p’s of how lambs are lost

Range Flock

Large amounts of land and sheep, 1000-5000 head, primarily in West, less surviving lamb per ewe

Feedlot (lamb)

More than 1000 head, lambs are ready for slaughter at wean

China

Leading country in sheep production

Texas

Leading state in sheep production

Middle to upperclass

What is the financial demographic of horse owners today

1100 lbs

Mature quarter horse weight

500 lbs

Horse weaning age

715 lbs

Horse yearling weight

Lots of equipment and investment, very specialized

Why is dairy production hard to enter

Number of dairy herds, producers, and total number of cows has decreased but average herd size and dairy production has increased

Trends in dairy industry

305 days 2x ME

Standard reporting for dairy

Mature equivalent 5-8 yrs

ME

16,000-20,000 lbs

Yearly family dairy production

27-000-29,000

Yearly corporate dairy production

India

Leading country in milk production

California

Leading country in milk production

Georgia

Leading state in poultry production

China

Leading country in egg production

US

Leading country in poultry production

Food scarcity

Vegetarianism is related to ______

Profitable and allow us to use land unfit for crops

Why produce livestock

Chronic persistent hunger

Long term malnutrition

15%

What percent of the U.S. is food inscure