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Carbohydrates
________:: built from monosaccharides, structural molecule attaches on protein for cell recognition and energy storage.
Nervous
________:: glia provide protection nourishment and support to nerve cells, provides long- distance communication within the body.
Epithelial
________:: lines walls of open tubes, provides secretory and absorptive surfaces, basal and apical (bottom and top)
Connective
provides support integrity for other tissues, has varied cell arrangement.
Physiology
________:: Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life- sustaining activities.
Lipids
________:: no specific building blocks, long term energy molecule, structural component of the membrane bilayer, facilitator of cell- cell interactions.
Requirements for life
Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth.
Anatomy
________:: study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.
Homeostatic set points
________:: established thresholds required for physiological processes to maintain balance.
Muscle
:: generates mechanical force, includes skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (involuntary)
Proteins
________:: built from amino acids, fundamental component of structure and dynamic metabolic function in the cell.
Nucleic Acids
________:: built from nucleotides, unit for DNA (hereditary info) and RNA (protein synthesis)
Homeostasis
________:: the processes that maintain steady conditions within the human body.
Skeletal System
________:: Joints and bones; protects and supports organs, provides a framework for the muscles to move, blood cells are formed within bones and minerals are stored inside bones.
Digestive System
________:: Oral cavity, stomach, large intestine; breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Endocrine System
________:: Glands, pancreas, reproductive organs; secrete hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
Anatomy
study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Physiology
Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
Four major classes of biomolecules
Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
Proteins
built from amino acids, fundamental component of structure and dynamic metabolic function in the cell
Lipids
no specific building blocks, long term energy molecule, structural component of the membrane bilayer, facilitator of cell-cell interactions
Carbohydrates
built from monosaccharides, structural molecule attaches on protein for cell recognition and energy storage
Nucleic Acids
built from nucleotides, unit for DNA (hereditary info) and RNA (protein synthesis)
Mitochondria example of structure/function
specialized folds of mitochondrial membrane leads to Increase in surface area for proteins that carry out mitochondrial respiration
Requirements for life
Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth
There are 11 organ systems in the human body
Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, Endocrine System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, Male Reproductive System, Female Reproductive System
Integumentary System
Hair, skin, nails; offers protection and covering, synthesizes vitamin D and houses cutaneous(pain, pressure etc.)
Skeletal System
Joints and bones; protects and supports organs, provides a framework for the muscles to move, blood cells are formed within bones and minerals are stored inside bones
Muscular System
Muscles; allows manipulation of the environment, movement, and facial expression, maintains posture and reduces heat
Nervous System
Brain, nerves, spinal cord; Fast-acting control system, responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands as needed
Cardiovascular System
Heart, blood vessels; transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc, heart pumps blood
Endocrine System
Glands, pancreas, reproductive organs; secrete hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, and nutrient use
Lymphatic System
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus; Picks up fluid leaked by blood vessels and returns it to blood, disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells
Respiratory System
Nasal cavity, lungs, trachea; keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes CO2
Digestive System
Oral cavity, stomach, large intestine; breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
Urinary System
Kidney, bladder, urethra;eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood
Male Reproductive System
Penis, prostate, testis; Production of offspring,testis produce sperm
Female Reproductive System
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus; Produces offspring, ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
All cells comprise at least
plasma membrane, genetic material, and cytosolic fluid
Four major categories of tissue
Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous
Connective
provides support/integrity for other tissues, has varied cell arrangement
Muscle
generates mechanical force, includes skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (involuntary)
Epithelial
lines walls of open tubes, provides secretory and absorptive surfaces, basal and apical (bottom and top)
Nervous
glia provide protection nourishment and support to nerve cells, provides long-distance communication within the body
Anatomical position
hands at side, palms forward, feet together
Supine position
face up
Prone position
face down
Anterior (Cranial)
toward the front of the body
Posterior
toward the back of the body
Medial
closer to the midline that divides the body left and right
Lateral
Further away from the midline that divides the body left and right
Superior
closer to the head
Inferior
toward the feet
Proximal
Closer to the trunk (bigger part of the body)
Distal
Further from the trunk
Superficial
Closer to the surface of the body
Deep
Farther from the surface of the body
Transverse Section
divides body into upper and lower sections
Sagittal Section
Divides the body into left and right sections
Coronal Section
Divides body into anterior and posterior sections
Homeostasis
the processes that maintain steady conditions within the human body
Homeostatic set points
established thresholds required for physiological processes to maintain balance
Negative Feedback
The outcome of the feedback loop is a return to the homeostatic set point
Positive Feedback
The physiological response elicited by the stimulus acts to increase the original stimulus
Insulin regulation is an example of
negative feedback
Note
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