Crimean War and Industrial Revolution

Crimean War

(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; England and France help the Ottomans

Florence Nightingale

Established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean war

The Charge of the Light Brigade

English soldiers blindly obey commands and charge into certain death

Who won the Crimean War?

The Ottomans with the help of Britain and France

What is the Crimean War best know for?

cold and disease

Industrial Revolution

a series of inventions and innovations

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

no wars fought on English soil

What were major changes that happened during the Industrial Revolution?

Factories

What industries changed during the industrial revolution?

cotton/textile

What main areas changed in transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

better roads

George Stephenson

English railway pioneer who invented the steam locomotive

Robert Fulton

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

James Watt

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine used in factories to power machines

Samuel Morse

invented the telegraph

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Wright Brothers

First to achieve a sustained

Where did the first recorded flight happen?

Kitty Hawk

W.T. Morton

dentist who developed ether as a painkiller

Louis Pasteur

A French chemist

Joseph Lister

discovered how antiseptics prevented infection and started using them in surgery

What was the result of the growth of factories during the Industrial Revolution?

Long work days

What was the result of the growth of cities during the Industrial Revolution?

overcrowding

What were two positive outcomes from the Industrial Revolution?

higher standard of living (more conveniences)

Eli Whitney

United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825)

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb

Socialism

system in which society

What two types of Socialism are there?

Utopian and Marxism

Utopian Socialism

an ideal society where everyone shares everything

Marxism

Emerged as the most famous socialist belief system during the 19th century. Saw all of history as the story of class struggle.

Who is the founder of Marxism?

Karl Marx

Where is Marx from?

Germany

What is Marx most known for writing?

The Communist Manifesto

Bourgesoisie

owners ( upper) class

Proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited (lower) class

What were the ideal goals of Marxism?

classless society

What were the problems with Marxism?

goes against human (lazy

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

4 steps of evolution

struggle for existence

Dwight Moody

great American preacher

Charles Spurgeon

great English preacher of the 1800's

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Why was Social Darwinism so bad?

created more racism

Social Gospel Movement

A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a societal responsibility

Abraham Kuyper

Dutch preacher and Prime Minister

Second Great Awakening

A second religious fervor that swept the nation. It converted more than the first

What two denominations came from Europe during the Second Great Awakening?

Methodist and Baptist

circuit riders

Methodist ministers who traveled from town to town to preach; were instrumental in recruiting converts

Van Raalte

Dutch farmer that settled in Holland

Scholte

Dutch farmer that settled in Pella

What did Van Raalte and Scholte help start?

both broke from the Reformed Church and began the Christian Reformed Church

Where did many Dutch settler settle?

New Jersey

Why did many Catholics come to America during this time?

potato famine

Who was the founder of the Mormons?

Joseph Smith

What event marked the beginning of the Mormon faith?

Smith says while in the mountains in New York an angel told him to dig up some gold plates

Where did the Mormons move to after leaving New York?

Nauvoo

How did Joseph Smith die?

a mob murdered him in jail

Where did the Mormons go after Smith's death?

Salt Lake City

Brigham Young

United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith

What are the main beliefs of Mormons?

Bible and book of Mormon

What is another name for Mormons?

Church of Latter Day Saints

Romantism

19th century art/music movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Impressionism

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel

Unification of Germany

all German states were joined together into one country

Unification of Italy

all Italian states were joined together into one country

Who was the leader off Germany during it's initial unification?

Otto von Bismarck

Who was the leader of Italy during it's unification?

Garibaldi

Imperialism

domination by one country of the political

Where was main area Imperialism happened?

Africa and Asia

Why were countries Imperialistic?

to get more resources and have more trade

Sigmund Freud

founder of psychoanalysis

Where was Freud from?

Vienna

What did Freud believe?

we are ruled by instincts

Albert Einstein

German physicist

What were some of Einstein's theories?

E=mc2 and special theory of relativity

What was important about E=mc2?

says that a little bit of mass can have a huge amount of energy

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Reactionaries

Those who want to restore political

Liberals

agreed with the French Revolution

What were the two groups of people after the French Revolution?

Reactionaries and Liberals

What happened in 1815?

Congress of Vienna

What countries were a part of the Congress of Vienna?

England

Metternich

Austrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace

What was decided at the Congress of Vienna?

power given back to the kings and noble

Who revolted in 1848?

the common people

Where did the revolts of 1848 take place?

everywhere except Russia and England