104 2nd Exam (Plants included in the quiz)

*mga nakaunderline yung infos na included sa quiz*

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvaceae)

Common Name: Okra

Part used: Mucilage

Medicinal use:

• Antidiabetic

• Anticancer

• Analgesic

• Antiulcer 

Secondary metabolites:

• Phenol (isoquercitrin and

  quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside)

• Flavonoid ( (quercetin)

• Anthocyanin

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Aloe barbadensis Mill.

(Asphodelaceae)

Common Name: Aloe Vera

Part used: Mucilage

what extract of the plant is used traditionally?

• gel extract, leaf extract, mucilage extract

Traditional use:

• Treatment of burns

• hair growth / hair and scalp treatment

• skin rashes

Medicinal use:

●  Treat chronic and severe radiation dermatitis

● Laxative / purgative (when administered orally)

Secondary metabolites:

● Anthraquinones

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (Apocynaceae)

Common Name: Dita/Blackboard tree

Part used: Bark, Leaves

Medicinal use:

● Antidiabetic & Antihypertensive

Secondary metabolites:

• Alkaloid (Reserpine)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. (Amanitaceae)

Common Name: Fly agaric

Part used: Fruiting bodies

Medicinal use:

● Produces ibotenic acid and muscimol which are involved in pantherina-muscaria poisoning syndrome

● Hallucinogenic

● Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

● Muscimol & Ibotenic acid

● Muscarine

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (Bromeliaceae)

Common Name: Pineapple

Part used: Fruit

Medicinal use:

• Meat tenderizer

●       Anti-inflammatory

●       Antioxidant

●       Anti-cancer

●  Cardioprotective agent

Secondary metabolites:

●       Bromelain enzymes

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae)

Common Name: Sinta, King of Bitters

Part used: Whole plant, Aerial Parts, Roots

Medicinal use:

Whole plant

●       Snakebite

●       Insect sting treatment

Aerial part

●       Common cold

●       Hypertension

●       Diabetes

●       Cancer

●       Malaria

●       Snakebite

●       UTI

Roots

●       Febrifuge

●       Stomachic 

●      Anthelmintic

Leaf

●       Fever

●       Colic pain

●       Diarrhea

●       Hepatitis

●       Tuberculosis

Secondary metabolites:

• Andrographolides

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae)

Common Name: Soursop/Guyabano

Part used: Fruit, Seeds, Leaves

Medicinal use:

Fruit

● Treat diarrhea and neuralgia, ● Eliminate worms and parasites ● Increase milk production ● Reduce fever

Seeds

• to treat parasitic infections

Leaves

• treat headaches/insomnia

• cystisis

• cancer

Secondary metabolites:

• Alkaloids (Annonaine, Asimilobine)

• Polyketides (Acetogenins)

• Phenolic compounds (flavanoid, tannins)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae)

Common Name: Atis/Sugar apples

Part used: Seed, Leaf, Fruit

Medicinal use:

Seed

• fish posion

• ingredient in a paste to abolish lice

Leaf

• Pacify bols, ulcers and other skin diseases

• Muscles aches

• Fever

fruit

• Sedative

Secondary metabolites:

Seed

• Alkaloid

• Polyketides (Acetogenins)

• Steroids

Leaf

● Alkaloid (Aporphines, Benzylisoquinolines) ● Terpenes (Sesquiterpene) ● Polyketides (Endoperoxides (Germacrene D))

Fruit

• Terpenes (α-Pinene, Limonene, Sabinene)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae)

Common Name: Celery

Part used: Seed, Leaf

Medicinal use:

Seed

• Libido stimulant

• Amplification of sperm profile

Leaf

• Diuretic

• Heart tonic

• Increases secretion of breast mil

Secondary metabolites:

• Phenolic compounds (furano-coumarins, glycosides, apiin, apigenin, rutaretin, bergapten)

• Phenolic acids (Ceffeic acid, chlorogenic acid)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Peanut/Mani

Part used: Seed, Root

Medicinal use:

Seed (oil extract from seeds are most useful for pharm purpose)

ANAPHYLAXIS - adverse effect caused by ingestion of this by certain animals

• Excipient

• Vehicle

• Suspending Agent

• Emollient

• Component of lotions and creams

Secondary metabolites:

• Phenols - root

• Flavanoids - seed

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae)

Common Name: Areca palm, Bunga

Bunga is a (Monocot)

Part used: Seed

Medicinal use:

Seed

• Antihypertensive

• Antitapework infestation

• Antiparasitic

Secondary metabolites:

• Alkaloids (Arecoline)

   

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Averrhoa bilimbi L.

(Oxalidaceae)

Common Name: Kamias/Bimbi

Part used: Leaf, Fruit

Medicinal use:

Leaf

●       Anti-inflammatory

●       Antiseptic (used for wound-healing)

●       Antioxidant

●       anti-diabetic

Fruit

●       Antibacterial

●       Immune System Enhancer

Secondary metabolites:

• Flavanoid

• Alkaloids

• Phenols

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (Asteraceae)

Common Name: Sambong

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

• Urolithiasis

Secondary metabolites:

• Camphor

• Limonene

Note sa quiz:

• included in Philippine Pharmacopeia

• included in DOH’s 10 halamang gamot

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae)

Common Name: Tea plant/ Tsaa

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

• Stimulant (effect of caffeine)

• Diuretic

Secondary metabolites:

• Flavonoids

• Alkaloids (Caffeine, Theobromine, Theophylline - relax bronchial muscles)

• Theobromine (Alkaloids)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae)

Common Name: Siling labuyo / Tabasco Pepper

Part used: Seed

Medicinal use:

• Antifungal

• Mlitogenic

Secondary metabolites:

• Capsaicin (Alkaloids)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae)

Common Name: Papaya

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

• Laxative

Secondary metabolites:

• Papain (gives the mahapdi sa papaya)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Micromeria douglasii (Benth.) Benth. (Lamiaceae)

Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae)

Common Name: Yerba buena / Mint

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

●       Headache

●       Arthritis

●       Rheumatism

●       Analgesic

●       Stomachache

●       Gum ache

Secondary metabolites:

• Volatile Oil

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae)

Common Name: Asiatic pennywort/Gotu Kola/Takip Kuhol

Part used: Leaf, Roots, Seeds

Medicinal use:

• Component of skin-care products

• Increases cognitive activity

●       Wound-healing

Secondary metabolites:

• Cardiac glycoside (asiaticosides)

• Triterpeoid saponin or spaonins or saponin glycosides (asiaticosides)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Chondria armata (Kützing) Okamura (Rhodomelaceae )

Common Name: Red Algae; Gulaman inpupurga; Gulaman

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

• Antiparasitic

• Anti-helmintic

• Anti-inflammatory

Secondary metabolites:

●       Domoic acid related alkaloids and Kainic acid

●       Triterpene polyethers

●      Glycolipids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Citrus paradisi Macf. (Rutaceae)

Common Name: Grapefruit

Part used: Frutis, Leaves

Plant part w/ highest conc. of volatile oils: fruit peel, exocarp, rind

Medicinal use:

●       Antibacterial

●       Anti-inflammatory

●       Antimicrobial

Medicinal Use:

●       Immune system booster

●       Anti-Cancer

●       Antihyperlipidemic

Secondary metabolites:

• Volatile oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Citrus x microcarpa Bunge (Rutaceae)

Common Name: Calamansi

Part used: Frutis peels

Plant part w/ highest conc. of volatile oils: fruit peel, exocarp, rind

Medicinal use:

●       Anti-inflammatory

●       Antibacterial

●       Anti-diabetic

Secondary metabolites:

• Volatile oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)

Common Name: Coconut/Buko

Part used: Exocarp

Medicinal use:

• Antimicrobial

• Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

●     Catechin (flavonoids)

●       Epicatechin (flavonoids)

●       Quercetin (flavonoids)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae)

Common Name: Arabian coffee, mountain coffee

Part used: Seeds

Medicinal use:

• Stimulant (caffeine)

• CNS stimulant

Secondary metabolites:

• Alkaloids (caffeine, theoromine, theophyline - relax bronchial muscles)

• Flavonoids

• Terpenes

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)

Common Name: Turmeric, luyang dilaw

Part used: Leaves, Rhizome (speciaized plant part of Zingiberaceae family)

Medicinal use:

• Diabetes

• Cholesterol

• Inflammation

• Diarrhea

• Liver problems

• Asthma

• Cancer with minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells

Secondary metabolites:

• Curcumin

• Curcuminoids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae)

Common Name: Tanglad, lemon grass

Part used: Leaves, roots

Medicinal use:

• Antifungal

• Antibacterial

• Antiprotozoal

• Anti-inflammatory

• Anti-carcinogenic

• Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

• Citral

Note on the quiz:

• To differentiate the difference between tanglad and citronella, citronella has a reddish

  color near its roots, but if it’s green all the way it’s tanglad. Tanglad also does not have

  an evident smell unless you break the leaf, while citronella does not need to be broken

  for the smell to be evident

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Datura metel L. (Solanaceae)

Common Name: Talong punay, thorn apple

Part used: Leaves, seeds, flower

Medicinal use:

● Treat asthma

Secondary metabolites:

Tropane alkaloids

● Atropine

● Scopolamine

● Hyoscyamine

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae)

Common Name: Ube, Purple Yam

Part used: Tubers

Medicinal use:

● Cure piles

● Reduce weakness

● Kill stomach worm

Secondary metabolites:

● Allantoin

● Carotenoid

● Anthocyanins

● Organic acids

● Flavonoid

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Ehretia microphylla Lam. (Boraginaceae)

Common Name: Tsaang gubat, wild tea

Part used: Leaves, roots

Medicinal use:

● Antibacterial

● Anti-viral

● Management of diarrhea, and it is antispasmodic

● Treatment of diabetes, allergies and hyperacidity

Secondary metabolites:

● Triterpenes ● Alkaloids ● Glycosides ● Tannins ● α-amyrin and β-amyrin ● Saponins ● Flavonoids ● Rosmarinic acid

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae

Common Name: Tawa-tawa, asthma weed, snake weed, Gatas-gatas

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

• For Dengue

Secondary metabolites:

• Hydrolizable tannins

Note:

• Has an entry in Philippine pharmacopeia

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae)

Common Name: Mangosteen

Part used: Seeds

Medicinal use:

● Abdominal pain

● Diarrhea

● Chronic ulcer

Secondary metabolites:

Bitter principle form the rinds?:

• Mangostin

• Xanthone

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

Common Name: Maidenhair tree

Part used: Leaves and Seeds, Roots, flowers, spikers

Medicinal use:

• memory enhancement (for alzheimer’s disease)

• antihypertensive

Secondary metabolites:

• Quinic acid, shikimic acid, malic acid

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Madre de Cacao, Mother of Cocoa, Kakawate

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

• Antirheumatic

• For boils, headache, cough, bruise, etc.

• Anti-inflammatory

Secondary metabolites:

• Alkaloids

• Flavonoids

• Phenolics - Leaves

• Tannins - Bark

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Licorice

Part used: Bark, Roots (rhizomes), Bark, Roots, Stem

Medicinal use:

● Sweetener (popular use)

Secondary metabolites:

• Glycyrrhizin

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Hibiscus rosa-sinesis L. (Malvaceae)

Common Name: Gumamela

Part used: Flowers

Medicinal use:

● To teat boils and wound preparation

• galenical preparation used: Poultice

Secondary metabolites:

(all are pigment found in the flowers)

• Anthocyanins

• Flavonoids

• Carotenoids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (Oleaceae)

Common Name: Sampaguita

Part used: Flowers, Leaves

Medicinal use:

• Lactifuge (flowers)

  Anti-helmintic (roots)

  Antipyretic

  Deodorant

  Analgesic

Secondary metabolites:

• Terpenes (group of secondary metabolites present)

• Volatile oil (plant extract obtained from this plant)

Notes from the quiz:

• This plant is the national flower of the Philippines
  

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Common Name: Tubang-bakod

Part used: Seeds (highest conc. of toxins), Leaves

Medicinal use:

● Purgative (due to ricinoleic acid, popular folkoric use)

• Biofuel

Secondary metabolites:

• Toxin: Ricin

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae)

Common Name: Katakataka, miracle plant

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

• Good for sprain (Poultice)

• Astringent

  Antiseptic

  Counterirritant

  Boils

  Burns

  Diarrhea

  Dysentery

  Cholera

Secondary metabolites:

• Cardiac glycosides

• Bufadienolides

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae)

Common Name: Banaba

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

Leaves

● Antidiabetic

Secondary metabolites:

• Corosolic acid

• Ellagic acid (Ellagitannins)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Wild Tamarind, Ipil-ipil

Part used: Seeds, Leaves

Medicinal use:

Seeds

● Antidiabetic (seed extract) ● Antioxidant ● Coffee substitute

Leaves

● Antimicrobial ● Antioxidant ● Anti-inflammatory

Secondary metabolites:

• Mimosine (Alkaloids)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)

Common Name: Mango

Part used: Fruit, bark, leaves

Medicinal use:

Fruit

● Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

• Mangiferin (Xanthones)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Mentha cordifolia Opiz (Lamiaceae)

Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae)***** for peppermint

Common Name: Spearmint

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

● Relieves headache and toothache ● For stomach disorders ● For skin diseases

Secondary metabolites:

• Key grp of metabolites in lamiaceae = volatile oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Makahiya

Part used: Leaves, Roots

Medicinal use:

Leaves

● Antibacterial ● Treats hemorrhoids, conjunctivitis, and wounds

Roots

● For dysentery, fever, and jaundice

Secondary metabolites:

● Mimosine (Alkaloid)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)

Common Name: Malunggay

Part used: Leaves, stem bark

Medicinal use:

Leaves

• increase in breastmilk production or lactation

Secondary metabolites:

Leaves

● Flavonoids ● Phenolics ● Carotenoids

Stem bark

● Moringine (Alkaloid) ● Moringinine (Alkaloid)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)

Common Name: Tobacco

Part used: Leaves, Stem

Medicinal use:

• Cigarette manufacture

• Stimulant

Secondary metabolites:

● Nicotine (Alkaloids)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)

Common Name: Olive

Part used: Fruit, Leaves, Seeds

Medicinal use:

● Antidiabetic

● Anticonvulsant

● Anticancer

● Antihypertensive

● Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

● Phenolic compounds ● Terpenes ● Flavonoids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (Lamiaceae)

Common Name: Cat’s Whiskers

Part used: Leaves and Stems

Medicinal use:

● Antioxidant ● Anti-inflammatory

Secondary metabolites:

● Phenolic compounds ● Flavonoids ● Terpenes

(present in the oil extracts)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Araliaceae)

Common Name: Ginseng

Part used: Roots (Rhizomes)

Medicinal use:

● Antioxidant ● Anti-inflammatory ● Thyroid inhibitory and hypoglycemic activity

Secondary metabolites:

● Terpenoids & Steroids

Lupeol - antiinflammatory

Squalene - antioxidant

Stigmasterol - thyroid inhibitory and hypoglycemic

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandanaceae)

Common Name: Pandan

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

● Antioxidant ● Aromatic ● Anticancer

Secondary metabolites:

● Alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenol hydroquinones

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Coleus blumei Benth. (Lamiaceae)

Common Name: Coleus/Mayana

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

● For hemorrhoids, ● For tuberculosis ● Antioxidants ● Dyspepsia ● Abortifacient ● Repellant for Intestinal Worms

Secondary metabolites:

• Volatile oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae)

Common Name: Frangipani/Kalachuchi

Part used: Root bark, flowers, Leaves

Medicinal use:

Use of the bark of decoction

• Purgative/Emmenagogue/Febrifuge

Secondary metabolites:

● Plumerianine (Alkaloid) - root bark

• Phenolic compounds - flowers

• Leaves - saponins

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Premna odorata Blanco. (Lamiaceae)

Common Name: Fragrant premna /Alagaw

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

External use of the decoction of leaves and shoots

• Wound healing

• Astringent

Secondary metabolites:

● Flavonoids, iridoid glycosides and essential oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)

Common Name: Guava/Bayabas

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

• Antiseptic

• Mouthwash, Footwash

• Astringent

• Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

● Quercetin

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae)

Common Name: Pomegranate

Part used: Flowers, Leaves, Seeds

Medicinal use:

Flowers

● Treatment for cardiovascular disorders and diabetes ● Antimicrobial

Leaves

● Aids in hair growth ● Anti-inflammatory ● Antibacterial

Seeds
● Prevention of miscarriage ● Treatment for urinary disorder ● Antimicrobial

Secondary metabolites:

● Hydrolyzable Tannins - flowers

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps (Combretaceae)

Common Name: Niyog-niyogan

Part used: Leaves, Seeds, Flowers

Medicinal use:

Leaves

● Antihelmintic

Seeds

● Antihelmintic

Flowers

• Anti-inflammatory

Secondary metabolites:

● Polyphenolic compounds (antioxidant activity) - leaves

● Quisqualic acid - Seeds

● Polyphenols ● Flavonoids - flowers

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Rubus rosifolius Sm. (Rosaceae)

Common Name: Raspberry, Roseleaf Raspberry

Part used: Fruits, Leaves, Roots

Medicinal use:

Fruits

● Antioxidant ● Antimicrobial

Leaves, Roots

• treatment of diarrhea thru decoction

Secondary metabolites:

● Phenols ● Alkaloids ● Steroids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Akapulko

Part used: Leaves

Medicinal use:

Leaves

● Antifungal ● Laxative

Seeds

● For asthma ● Improves visibility

Secondary metabolites:

• Sennosides (Senna glycosides)

• Aloe-emodin,

• Rhein

(anthraquinone glycosides)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)

Common Name: Tomato

Part used: Fruit, Seeds

Medicinal use:

Fruit

● Antioxidant ● Anti-inflammatory

Seeds

● Anri-cancerous ● Preservation of eye sight

● For hemorrhoids, ● For tuberculosis ● Antioxidants ● Dyspepsia ● Abortifacient ● Repellant for Intestinal Worms

Secondary metabolites:

●Tomatine (Alkaloid) in leaves

Note sa quiz:

• dito fruits are edible pero pag sa potato ung tuber ung edible not a fruit

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)

Common Name: Potato

Part used: Peels, Tubers

Medicinal use:

Peels

● Antioxidants ● Anticancer ● Anti-inflammatory

Tubers

● Anti-ulcer ● Anti-gout ● Anti-scurvy

Secondary metabolites:

• Solanine (Alkaloids)

Note sa quiz:

When is the fleshy stem of C deemed not edible?

• If there are already sprouts evident (the sprouts have high concentration of solanine), and there is green coloration on the stem.

• tubers ang edible part pag potato

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae)

Common Name: Duhat, Java Plum

Part used: Bark, Leaves, Fruit, Seeds

Medicinal use:

● diarrhea ● diabetes

Secondary metabolites:

● tannins (bark)

• Anthocyanins (fruits)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae)

Common Name: Sampalok, Tamarind

Part used: Bark, leaves, flower, Fruit (pulp), Seeds

Medicinal use:

Bark, leaves, flower

● Tonic (for vitality), ● febrifuge (reducing fevers), ● antiasthmatic, ● astringent

Fruit (pulp)

● Laxative

Seeds

● Astringent

Secondary metabolites:

• Hordenine alkaloid

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae)

Common Name: Cacao, Kakaw

Part used: Root, Seeds (oil/butter)

Medicinal use:

Root

● Emmenagogue (promotes menstrual flow), ● ecbolic (promotes pregnancy labor)

Seeds

● emollient, ● diuretic

Secondary metabolites:

Leaves and seed: ● theobromine, ● caffeine ●theophylline (to relax bronchial muscles)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Tinospora crispa Hook.f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae)

Common Name: Makabuhay, heavenly elixir

Part used: Leaves, Stem

Medicinal use:

● flatulence ● indigestion ● diarrhea ● rheumatism

Secondary metabolites:

● Diterpenoid glycosides ● alkaloids ● flavonoids ● flavone glycosides, ● triterpenes ● diterpenes ● cis clerodane-type ● furanoditerpenoids, ● lactones ● sterols ● lignans ● nucleosides

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Vitex negundo L. (Lamiaceae)

*previous family: Verbenaceae

Common Name: Lagundi

Part used: Leaves, Roots

Medicinal use:

● Sore throat ● Rheumatism ● Cough ● Fever ● Clogged sinuses

Secondary metabolites:

● Flavonoids ● Alkaloids ● Phenols ● Tannins ● Terpenes

Notes in the quiz:

• included in the Philippine pharmacopeia

• included in DOH’s 10 halamang gamot

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Zea mays L. (Poaceae)

Common Name: Corn/ maize or mais

Part used: ● Corn silk ● Roots ● Stems ● Leaves

Medicinal use:

Corn silk

• Diuretic

Secondary metabolites:

● Flavonoids ● Terpenes ● Alkaloids ● Phenylpropanoids

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

Common Name: Ginger, Luya

Part used: Root (Rhizome)

Medicinal use:

• Sore throat

• For gastric disturbances

● Flavoring Agent ● antirheumatic, ● stomachic ● stimulant ● indigestion ● flatulence ● applied externally for headaches, muscle and joint pains

Secondary metabolites:

● Zingerone ● Shogoal ● quercetin ● catechin ● epicatechin ● kaempferol ● naringenin ● gingerone

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth (Piperaceae)

Common Name: Pansit-pansit an/ Ulasimang Bato

Part used: Leaves and Stem

Medicinal use:

• analgesic

• anti-inflammatory

• anti-hyperuricemic

Secondary metabolites:

● Flavonoid, tannin, and steroid

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Phyllanthus niruri L. (Phyllanthaceae)

Common Name: Sampa-sampalukan or Gale of the Wind

Part used: Roots and Leaves, Whole Plant

Medicinal use:

Roots and Leaves

• Jaundice

Leaves

• prevention of gastric ulcers

Whole plant

• skin disease

• lipid-lowering

• cardiotoxicity

• dissolution of kidney and urinary stones

Secondary metabolites:

• Hydrolyzable Tannins - leaves (ulcer)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Piper betle L. (Piperaceae)

Common Name: Betel, Betel Vine, or Ikmo

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

● Antimicrobial

• Antimutagenic activity

• Odorant and Flavorant

• Antioxidant

• Anti-inflammatory

• Digestive and gastro protective

Secondary metabolites:

• Piperine (Alkaloid)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae)

Common Name: Black Pepper

Part used: Fruit, Leaf, Seed

Medicinal use:

• Anticancer

• Antimicrobial

• Antioxidant

Secondary metabolites:

• Piperine (Alkaloid)

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng . (Lamiaceae)

Common Name: Oregano, Indian Borage, Mexican Mint

Part used: Leaf

Medicinal use:

• antibacterial

• skin disease

• antitumor

Secondary metabolites:

• Volatile oils

What plant?
Give
1. Biological Origin
2. Common Name
3. Plant part used
4. Traditional/medicinal use
5. Major secondary metabolites

Biological Origin: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)

Common Name: Blessed Milk Thistle

Part used: seeds, fruits

Medicinal use:

• Liver aid

• hepatoprotective

Secondary metabolites:

• Flavonoids

• Apigenin

Other plants not included in the tabulation but included in the Quiz!

• Allium sativuum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

• Citrux hystrix DC. (Futaceae) or kaffir lime or makrut lime