GCSE Geography Revision: Challenges in the Human Environment

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to urban issues and challenges, economic development, and sustainability.

Urbanisation

The increasing number of people that live in urban areas.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another.

Natural Increase

The population growth that occurs when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.

Megacity

An urban area with a population of over 10 million.

Favela

A Brazilian shanty town or slum, often characterized by high poverty.

Push Factors

Negative aspects or conditions that drive people away from a certain area.

Pull Factors

Positive aspects or conditions that attract people to a certain area.

Counter-urbanisation

The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas.

Sustainable Urban Living

Urban development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

GNI (Gross National Income)

The total income of a country divided by its population.

Development Gap

The disparity in levels of wealth and development between countries.

TNC (Transnational Corporation)

A company that operates in multiple countries, often with a global reach.

HDI (Human Development Index)

A composite measure that includes income, life expectancy, and education to rank countries.

De-industrialisation

The decline in industrial activity in a region or economy.

Globalisation

The process by which businesses develop international influence or operate on an international scale.

Enterprise Zones

Areas designated for economic development with incentives like tax benefits to attract businesses.

Northern Powerhouse

A UK government initiative aimed at boosting economic growth in the northern cities.

Urban Regeneration

The process of improving urban areas through renewing and redeveloping neglected areas.

Fair Trade

Trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.

Intermediate Technology

Simple, affordable technology that can improve the quality of life in developing countries.

Microfinance

Financial services aimed at low-income clients or those who do not have access to typical banking services.