P2

What does SUVAT stand for

S- Distance/displacement (m)
U- initial speed/velocity (m/s)
V- Final speed/velocity (m/s)
A- Acceleration (m/s²)
T- Time (Seconds)

Equation for average speed

Average speed = total distance/total time
Total distance = total time x average speed

Define scalar and vector

Scalar- physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction (speed, volume etc.)
Vector- Physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction (Displacement, velocity, acceleration)

Equation for acceleration

Acceleration = (final velocity-initial velocity)/time
Velocity = acceleration x time
Time = (final velocity-initial velocity)/acceleration

What does a distance-time graph show

y-axis = Distance
x-axis = time
Gradient = Speed

What does a Velocity-time graph show

y-axis = velocity
x-axis = Time
Gradient = acceleration
Area under graph = distance travelled

Equation for Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity²
KE = (1/2) x mv²
m = 2KE/v²

Define Force

A force is a push or pull that acts upon an object as a result of that object's interactions with its surroundings
Measured in Newtons and is a vector quantity

What does a free-body diagram show

Free body diagrams use arrows to show all of the forces acting on an object. 
The length of each arrow indicates the magnitude of that force.
The direction of each arrow indicates the direction of the force.

Define resultant force

Resultant force is the overall force acting on an object, taking into account all the different forces acting on it

What is Newton’s First Law

“An object will continue to stay at rest or move with uniform velocity unless a force acts upon it”

Define Inertia

The tendency to resist a change in the state of motion

What is Newton’s Second law

“The acceleration that the resultant force produces depends on the size of the resultant force and the inertia of the object”

How to calculate resultant force

Force = mass x acceleration

What happens to objects moving in a circular motion

An object moving in a circle at a constant speed is still accelerating even though the speed does not change.
Constantly changing direction so the velocity changes
A forced directed towards the centre of the circle acts on the object

What does the size of air resistance on an object depend on

The size of the air resistance is dependent on the object's surface area and velocity

Equation to calculate weight

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

Equation to calculate momentum

Momentum = Mass x velocity

What is Newton’s Third Law

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

What is the conservation of momentum principle

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision

How to calculate work done

Work done = force x distance

Equation for power using work done

Power = work done/time

Difference between plastic and elastic deformation

Plastic deformation- Do not return to original shape after a force is applied
Elastic deformation- Return to original shape after a force is applied

What is the extension of a spring

The difference between total length of the spring and the original length with no force applied

What is Hooke’s Law

When an elastic object is stretched, the extension is proportional to the force applied to it

Define Spring constant

The amount of force required to stretch or compress an object by either 1cm or 1m

Equation for force using spring constant

Force = spring constant x extension

equation for elastic potential energy

Ee​=1/2 x k x e²

What does a force extension graph show

y-axis = Force
x-axis = Extension
gradient = Spring constant
Area under = elastic potential energy

How to calculate a moment

Moment = force x distance from pivot