Module 5: integumentary System

MEDCERTS

Skin

Skin Forms the first line of defense for the immune system. It also waterproofs the body and is a major receptor for sense of touch. cutane(o)-, dermat(o)-, derm(o)-

Sebaceous glands

Secrete oil (sebum) to lubricate the skin and prevent growth of bacteria.

seb(o)-

Sweat Glands

Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content. They excrete some wastes from metabolism.

hidr(o)-

Hair

Hair Alerts us to the presence of insects on the skin and prevents us from losing body heat. pil(i)-, pil(o)-, trich(o)-

Nails

Protect the last bone of each finger and toe. onych(o)-, ungu(o)- Combining Form(s) Meaning Example(s)

Alopec(i)-

Baldness

Cry(o)-

cold

erythr(o)-, ethem(o)-

red

Koil(o)-

hollow, concave

Lip(o)-

Fat

Melan(o)-

Black

Myc(o)-

Fungus

Onych(o)-

Nail

Pil(i)- or Pil(o)-

Hair

Scler(o)-

Hard, Hardening

Seb(o)-

Sebum (oil)

Trich(o)-

Hair

Urtic(o)-

Rash, Hives

Xer(o)-

Dry

AA

Alopecia areata

BCC, BCCA

basal cell cancer or carcinoma

caut

Cauterization

CRYO

Cryosurgery

Debm

Debridement

Ecz, Ez

Eczema

LE

lupus erythematosus

MM, mm

Malignant Melanoma

NF

Necrotizing fasciitis

PS, ps

Psoriasis

ST

sclerotherapy

SCC

Squamous cell cancer or carinoma

Primary Functions of the Skin

• Immune defense for blocking entrance of harmful microorganisms (pathogens).

• Barrier for fluid loss and waterproofing of the body.

• Sensation for temperature, touch, and pain.

• Vitamin D production with the help of the sun’s ultraviolet light.

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin

keratin

A fibrous, water-repellent protein. In the epidermis, we have a soft keratin (hair) and hard keratin (nails)

Melanocytes

Located in the bottom layer of the epidermis. Produce a color pigment (melanin) that ranges from yellow-brown to black. Clusters of melanin produce freckles or moles on the skin

Carotenes

yellow to orange-colored fat-soluble pigments obtained from food, particularly fruits and vegetables. I understand these pigments are stored in the skin and contribute slightly to our skin color

Hemoglobin

Inside our red blood cells. When we are hot or flushed, the increased blood flow colors our skin pink.

subcutaneous layer

Lies below the dermis, which is why it is also referred to as the hypodermis (hypobelow, dermis skin). This layer is mainly made of fat or adipose tissue and connects the skin to the underlying surface muscles to provide anchoring. In addition, it stores nutrients for our body.

Sweat glands (Sudoriferous glands)

They are subdivided into two main types: eccrine (or merocrine) glands are most numerous on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and the forehead. These glands are responsible for sweating, which is also known as perspiring. Apocrine glands are confined to the axillary and anogenital areas and their ducts connect to hair follicles. The only become active after puberty.

Perspiration is mostly water with a small amount of sald and metabolic waste products

Hidrosis

The production and excretion of sweat.

Major function of hair

Alert the body to the presence of insects on the skin

First Degree Burn (Superficial burn)

Damage to the upper most layer (epidermis) only. It is characterized by local redness, edema (swelling), and pain

Second degree burn (partial thickness burn)

Damage only to the epidermis and the upper part of the dermis. Second degree burns blister and are red.

Third degree burn (full thickness burn)

Damage to the epidermis, the entire dermis, the hypodermis, and often the tissues below (including muscle or bone). The skin will look charred and black-brown. Because the nerve fibers are damaged, third degree burns are not painful. Skin grafting will be required. Dehydration with electrolyte imbalance (including shock) is an immediate threat that requires treatment

Rule of Nines

Help medical care providers estimate the amount of fluid loss in second and third degree burns of adults. The body surface is subdivided into 11 areas of 9% each.

ABCDE

mnemonic to help us remember the risk factors for recognizing melanoma.

• Asymmetry

• Border irregular, not smooth

• Color much darker than other moles or unusual color

• Diameter greater than the size of a pencil eraser

• Evolving mole