102N.04 Building Blocks of the Human Body (Nail Technology)

Connective Tissue

One of four primary types of tissue in the human body; supports, protects and holds the body together; gives contour to the body and allows for flexibility.

Protoplasm

Gel-like substance found in cells containing water, salt and nutrients obtained from food.

Metabolism

The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients (food) for cell growth and reproduction.

Cells

The basic units of living matter (life).

Cytoplasm

The production department of the cell where most of the cell's activities take place.

Skin

The largest organ of the body that covers nearly 20 square feet of the body's surface and protects it from invasion from outside particles.

Cell Membrane

The outer surface of the cell, which encloses the protoplasm.

Nucleus

The control center of cell activities; the dense core of an atom that contains protons and sometimes neutrons.

Physiology

The study of the functions that bodily organs and systems perform.

Nerve Tissue

Coordinates body functions in addition to carrying messages to and from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

Gross Anatomy

The study of the structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye.

Anatomy

The study of the organs and systems of the body.

Histology

Also known as microscopic anatomy; the study of how tissues are structured and how they work; a look at structures too small to be seen except through a microscope.

Pathology

The science of the causes and effects of diseases and disorders.

Muscular Tissue

Contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion.

Mitosis

A process of cell division when a cell divides into two identical new cells.

Epithelial Tissue

One of four primary type of tissues in the human body; covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs.

Muscular System

Functions include body movement, involvement in the functions of other body systems, skeletal support, body contouring and heat regulation.

Reproductive System

System responsible for the process by which a living organism procreates and transfers the genetic code from one generation to the next.

Circulatory System

Controls the circulation of blood and lymph throughout the body

Nervous System

Coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body.

Tissues

Groups of cells of the same kind performing a specific function in the body.

Endocrine System

Group of specialized glands that regulate and control the growth, general health and reproduction of the body; directly affects hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels.

Excretory System

Eliminates solid, liquid and gaseous waste products from the body.

Muscles

Fibrous tissues that contract, when stimulated by messages carried by the nervous system, to produce movement.

Integumentary System

Skin and its layers; provides protection; regulates temperature, controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands; includes nails, skin, hair and glands

Respiratory System

Responsible for the intake of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide.

Skeletal System

The physical foundation of the body, composed of 206 bones of different shapes and sizes, each attached to others at movable or immovable joints.

Organs

Separate body structures that perform specific functions; composed of two or more different tissues.

Digestive System

Also known as the gastrointestinal system; breaks food down into simpler chemical compounds that can be easily absorbed by cells or, if not absorbed, eliminated from the body in waste.

Heart

A cone-shaped, muscular organ located in the chest cavity, normally about the size of a closed fist; contracts and relaxes to force blood through the circulatory system.

Body Systems

Groups of body structures and/or organs that together perform one or more vital functions for the body.

Brain

Organ that controls the nervous system and all body functions; referred to as the command center; weighs between 45 and 49 ounces (1.3-1.4 kg).

Cell Membrane

Outer surface of cell

Anabolism

Building up larger molecules from smaller ones

Nucleus

Control center

Catabolism

Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones

Cytoplasm

Production department

Which area of science involves the study of the structure of organs and systems of the body?

Question 1 Answer

a.

anatomy

b.

histology

c.

pathology

d.

physiology

a.

anatomy

The control center of cell activities is called the:

Question 2 Answer

a.

nucleus

b.

cytoplasm

c.

protoplasm

d.

body system

a.

nucleus

Most cell activities take place in the:

Question 3 Answer

a.

nucleus

b.

stomach

c.

cytoplasm

d.

cell membrane

c.

cytoplasm

The chemical process in which cells use nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as:

Question 4 Answer

a.

anabolism

b.

physiology

c.

catabolism

d.

metabolism

d.

metabolism

catabolism

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is caused by:

Question 5 Answer

a.

mitosis

b.

histology

c.

anabolism

d.

catabolism

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Question 6 Answer

a.

coordinate body functions

b.

contract to produce motion

c.

support, protect and hold the body together

d.

cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

d.

cover and protect body surfaces and internal organs

The tissue that contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion is known as:

Question 7 Answer

a.

nerve tissue

b.

epithelial tissue

c.

muscular tissue

d.

connective tissue

c.

muscular tissue

A separate body structure composed of tissues that perform specific functions as part of a system is a(n):

Question 8 Answer

a.

cell

b.

organ

c.

nerve

d.

muscle

b.

organ

The organ that controls all body functions is the:

Question 9 Answer

a.

skin

b.

brain

c.

lungs

d.

heart

b.

brain

Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs and organs make up:

Question 10 Answer

a.

units

b.

systems

c.

structures

d.

organelles

b.

systems