JOVANAH OHNANAN CLASS EXAM UNO

What approach is often used to understand what’s defined as deviant within a society?

A) Criticism

B) Symbolic interactionism

C) Constructivism

D) Antipositivism

Constructivism

Sociology is defined as the:

A) Theoretical examination of life’s origins.

B) Quantitative analysis of social transgressions.

C) Systematic study of society and social interaction.

D) Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.

Systematic study of society and social interaction.

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?

A) Auguste Comte

B) Karl Marx

C) Max Weber

D) Émile Durkheim

Auguste Comte

Please define C. Wright Mill’s sociological imagination.

A) The theory that man evolved slowly over time.

B) The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics.

C) A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams.

D) How individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure.

How individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure.

A hypothesis can be defined as:

A) A way to explain different aspects of social interactions

B) A testable proposition

C) An attempt to explain large-scale relationships

D) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

A testable proposition

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:

A) Dynamic equilibrium

B) Latent functions

C) Dramaturgical analysis

D) Figuration

Figuration

A paradigm can be defined as:

A) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

B) The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

C) The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated

D) Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?

A) Structural Functionalism

B) Conflict Theory

C) Symbolic Interactionism

D) Behaviorism

Conflict Theory

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.

A) Qualitative

B) Pathos

C) Logos

D) Quantitative

Quantitative

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____.

A) Durkheim; Communism

B) Max Weber; Positivism

C) Karl Marx; Communism

D) Comte; Antipositivism

Karl Marx; Communism

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

A) Karl Marx

B) Max Weber

C) Herbert Spencer

D) Émile Durkheim

Émile Durkheim

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.

A) Micro-level; macro-level

B) Macro-level; micro-level

C) They are both macro-level.

D) They are both micro-level.

Macro-level; micro-level

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

A) Symbolic Interactionists

B) Conflict Theorists

C) Structural Functionalists

D) Social Individualists

Structural Functionalists

Qualitative sociology can be defined as:

A) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

B) Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.

C) Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.

D) Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by “following” famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other’s Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project’s ____ function, the second is an example of the project’s _____ function.

A) latent; manifest

B) manifest; manifest

C) manifest; latent

D) latent; latent

manifest; latent

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of:

A) Conflict theory

B) Structural functionalism

C) Capitalism

D) Symbolic interactionism

Conflict theory

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC’s “Occupy Wall Street” divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.

A) Conflict theorist

B) Structural functionalist

C) Symbolic interactionist

D)Feminist conflict theorist

Symbolic interactionist

Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

A) Ethnography

B) Surveys

C) Experiments

D) Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

Reliability is defined by the text as:

A) How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.

B) How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential.

C) How close the study’s results come to the experimenter’s hypothesis.

D) A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.

A) Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops

B) Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades

C) Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John

D) Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) ­­­­_____.

A) Ethnography

B) Case study

C) Experiment

D) Secondary data analysis

Ethnography

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.

A) The Authority Effect

B) The Regressive Effect

C) The Hawthorne Effect

D) The Cognizant Effect

The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

A) The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.

B) The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

C) The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world

D) The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______.

A) Experimental group

B) Control group

C) Dependent variable

D) Independent variable

Independent variable

The term interpretive framework can be defined as:

A) A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results.

B) A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

C) An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions.

D) Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers’ body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?

A) Field research

B) Surveys

C) Experiments

D) Secondary data analysis

Field research

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?

A) Gathering data from government studies

B) Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex

C) Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles

D) Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons

Gathering data from government studies

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City’s Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.

A) Overview

B) Case study

C) Experiment

D) Data analysis

Case study

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics?

A) To guarantee the safety of their participants

B) To maintain value neutrality

C) To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

D) To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

A) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

B) The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.

C) A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand.

D) A study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.

A) Tertiary data

B) Interactive data

C) Primary data

D) Secondary data

Secondary data

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

A) It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

B) It eliminates the need for a literature review.

C) It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships.

D) It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.

A) Literature review

B) Participant observation

C) Secondary data analysis

D) Dependent variables

Participant observation

What was the major ethical lapse of the Tuskegee Experiment?'

A) Conducting a study only on Black people

B) Not treating the men who were infected

C) Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

D) Not adhering to a code of ethics

Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks?

A) Not treating her cervical cancer

B) Reusing her cells without her consent

C) Reusing her cells in vaccines and related medicines

D) Not acknowledging that the cells came from her

Reusing her cells without her consent

Society and culture _____.

A) Could not exist without each other

B) Are unrelated

C) Could not exist together

D) Are the same thing

Could not exist without each other

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. “I hate the food,” she tells her family at home. “I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be.” This is an example of _______.

A) Paradigms

B) Xenocentrism

C) Moral relativism

D) Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

Xenocentrism is:

A) The opposite of cultural relativism

B) The opposite of cultural universalism

C) The same as cultural imperitivism

D) The opposite of ethnocentrism

The opposite of ethnocentrism

A cultural universal is:

A) An object or a belonging of a group

B) A pattern or trait common to all societies

C) The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society

D) A written document outlining appropriate behavior

A pattern or trait common to all societies

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____.

A) Non-material culture

B) Material culture

C) A cultural universal

D) The counterculture

Non-material culture

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

A) Some type of religious practice

B) Holding hands with your best friend

C) A funeral or related practice related to those who have died

D) Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you

A funeral or related practice related to those who have died

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. “Let’s see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they’ll appreciate it. They just don’t understand what they’re missing.” Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt’s perspective is an example of _______.

A) Behavioral normativity

B) Cultural imperialism

C) Material culture

D) Ideal culture

Cultural imperialism

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

A) Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback.

B) Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove.

C) Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

D) Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona

Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. As a result of the event, she has a difficult time speaking to members of her family, and questions her previous approach to style and fashion. Angelica is most likely experiencing _____.

A) Globalization

B) Culture shock

C) Material culture

D) Xenocentricism

Culture shock

The term values can be defined as:

A) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

B) A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.

C) Scripture found within the Bible.

D) Federal laws and regulations

A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character. She wears her normal attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket -- and as a result not many people associate with her during the party. The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing:

A) Formal sanction

B) Xenocentricism

C) Social control

D) Ethnocentricity

Social control

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

A) Driving on the right hand side of the road

B) Crossing streets on cross-walks

C) Paying taxes

D) Making eye contact while speaking

Making eye contact while speaking

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

A) Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not.

B) Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not.

C) Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not.

D) Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

The term language can be defined as:

A) Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world.

B) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

C) The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus.

D) Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

Imagine two nearby nations, one of which has a long ocean coastline and the other that does not. The nation that borders the ocean is known for detailed poems and stories about marine wildlife and fishing. The nation that does not border the ocean is known more for stories about warfare. If researchers attribute this difference to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what would they most likely indicate is the difference between the two countries' arts?

A) The country near the ocean has more direct experience with it, which is why their culture reflects it.

B) The country closer to the ocean had more encounters with traders and explorers from other regions, who shared their culture and arts.

C) The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean.

D) The country closer to the ocean has incorporated the ocean and maritime life into their ethnic identity.

The country closer to the ocean has incorporated the ocean and maritime life into their ethnic identity.

TV series like The Real Housewives and The Masked Singer are examples of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.

A) High culture; popular culture

B) Popular culture; high culture

C) High culture; low culture

D) Jersey culture; low culture

Popular culture; high culture