whap unit 5 and 6: the englightenment

what was the englightenment?

18th century movement when man applied reason and scientific method to government

events of english civil war and glorious revolution

country divided, civil war broke out and england attempts republic (fails), resources monarchy, ultimately parliament offered throne to william and mary (in glorious rev.), create constitutional monarchy and english bill of rights

what were hobbes’s ideas for the enlightenment?

give up some freedoms to keep peace of people, social contract

what were locke’s ideas for the enlightenment?

natural rights (life, liberty, and property), people free to overthrow the government (and est. new gov. to protect their rights), author of “two treatises on government”

what were montesquieu’s ideas for the enlightenment?

governments should separate their power, limit the power of other branches (checks and balances)

what were voltaire’s ideas for the enlightenment?

*freedom of speech*, freedom of religion, freedom of the press

what were rousseau’s ideas for the enlightenment?

majority rules, let the people control the decisions (popular sovereignty)

what were beccaria’s ideas for the enlightenment?

no cruel and unusual punishment, speedy trials

what were wollstonecraft’s ideas for the enlightenment?

women’s rights, author of “a vindication of the rights of women”

what were blackstone’s ideas for the enlightenment?

man’s law must be based on god’s law (man created by god), equality, innocent until proven guilty

what long-held ideas/traditions were challenged by the enlightenment?

divine right (some monarchs become enlightened), union of church and state, inequality in social classes

what were some long-term effects on western civilization due to the enlightenment?

more secular outlook emergences (scientific thinking over superstitions), individuals became more important, expanded suffrage, abolition of slavery