Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and relationships from the lecture on nutrition and exercise physiology.

What is hunger in the context of eating behaviors?

first internal cue that influences eating behaviors and can trigger a desire for specific food types.

What is the thermic effect of food?

is the energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize energy-yielding food.

What does EER stand for?

Estimated Energy Requirements.

What are some chronic diseases associated with obesity?

Heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

What does a positive energy balance mean?

consuming more calories than needed.

During which weather do people tend to eat more?

cold weather.

What is the relationship between lean body mass and metabolic rate?

a higher resting metabolic rate.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, and K.

What is the primary role of vitamin A?

\ primary role in vision and the development of body cells.

What can lead to rickets?

Vitamin D deficiency.

What vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

Vitamin K.

What deficiency is associated with scurvy?

Inadequate levels of vitamin C.

Are water-soluble vitamins stored in the body?

No, they are not stored in the body.

How can you obtain adequate vitamin D?

By spending 10 to 15 minutes daily in the sunshine.

What does edema refer to?

too much water in the spaces surrounding cells.

What is the primary function of water in the body?

To carry food through the digestive system, transport nutrients, and serve as a shock absorber.

What effect can lowering sodium have on blood pressure?

It may reduce systolic blood pressure.

What is the mineral responsible for muscle contraction and relaxation?

Calcium.

What mineral is known for transporting oxygen in the blood?

Iron.

Is drinking water an effective way to avoid dehydration?

False, if you're thirsty, you're already dehydrated.

What diet is associated with lower blood pressure?

A low sodium, high potassium diet.

What must be kept constant to ensure proper bodily function?

Blood calcium levels.

What can insufficient calcium intake in youth lead to later in life?

Increased risk of developing osteoporosis.

How many calories are there in a gram of alcohol?

7 calories.

What is primarily metabolized in the liver?

Majority of alcohol.

What are alcoholics commonly deficient in?

Foliate, thymine, and vitamin A.

What is binge eating disorder?

Large repeated episodes of chronic eating with feelings of loss of control.

What energy system powers efforts from 3 to 15 seconds?

The ATP-CP energy system.

What does the oxygen energy system extract energy from?

Fat as well as glucose.

What type of muscle fibers are beneficial for marathon runners?

Slow twitch muscle fibers.

What should pre-exercise meals consist of for optimal energy release?

Primarily carbohydrates.

What increases glycogen synthesis after exercise?

Combining protein with carbohydrates.

What indicates dehydration during exercise?

An increase in perceived exertion and decreased appetite.

What do sports drinks provide for exercise lasting under one hour?

Fluid intake to replace fluids lost.

What is included in the female athletic triad?

Eating disorders, amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis.

How can vitamin D be obtained?

By spending a few minutes each day in the sun.