Module 4 Review

obstetrician

obstetrician

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

gynocologist

specialist who studies and treats diseases of women

breast cancer genes

BRCA1 and BRCA2

HRT (hormone replacement therapy)

Replacement of hormones to treat menopausal symptoms

hyperemesis gravidarum

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

gestational diabetes

a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies

amniocentesis

the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic birth defects

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a sample of the fetal portion of the placenta

ectopic pregnancy

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

premature infant

infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation

full term infant

baby born with gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks

Post term infant

Defined as a newborn who is born after the completion of 42 weeks of gestation

nuchal cord

Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.

episiotomy

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

lochia

vaginal discharge after childbirth

effacement

thinning of the cervix during labor

Dialation

widening, stretching, expanding

Ovary

produces eggs

fallopian tubes

tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

cervix

The opening to the uterus

Pap smear test

examination of cervical cells

vagina

Female organ of intercourse; birth canal

salping/o

fallopian tube

hyster/o

uterus, womb

ligat-

to tie up

tubal ligation

a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum

IUD

intrauterine device; contraceptive

vasectomy

removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male

mast-

breast

mamm-

mammary glands

men/o

menses, menstruation

-rrhagia, -rrhage

bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

endo-

within, inner

metr-

uterus or womb

perineum

in females, the area between the anus and the vagina; diamond-shaped region between the thighs

vulva

external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

parenun/o

sexual intercourse

multi-

many, much

-para

to bring forth

-gravida

pregnant woman

hydramnios

excessive amniotic fluid; also termed polyhydramnios

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

DRE

digital rectal examination

rectal exam

internal examination of the rectum

prostate gland

A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid.

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate

trans-

across, through

impotence

erectile dysfunction

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

prepuce

foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision

hypospadias

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

priapism

persistent and painful erection

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

-genesis

beginning; origin

-plasia

development, formation, growth

crytorchidism

undescended testes

hydrocele

scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis

Testes

male gonads; singular form testis

orchid/o

testes

UTI

urinary tract infection

EWSL

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; sound waves on the outside of the body

diruretic

drug that promotes the excretion of urine

CKD

chronic kidney disease

CRF

chronic renal failure

Pyle/o

renal pelvis

nephr/o

kidney; nephron

calculi

small stones; plural form: calculus

Urinary incontinence (UI)

inability to control urination

urologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

dysuria

painful urination

hemouria

blood in the urine

void

to evacuate urine or feces

micturate

act of passing urine

KUB

kidney, ureter, bladder

nephrology

study of the kidney

urology

study of the urinary tract

Cytotology

study of cells

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

urin-

urine

cysto

bladder

-scopy/-scopic

look, observe

enuresis

bed wetting

nocturia

excessive urination at night

nephrologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney