Industrialization and Labor Movements

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on industrialization, technological advancements, and labor movements.

Typewriter

Invented by Christopher Sholes in 1864, it opened many new jobs for women.

Electricity

By 1890, it powered numerous machines, changing industry.

Bessemer Process

An efficient method for producing steel by removing carbon from iron, introduced to the US by Andrew Carnegie.

Vertical Integration

The process of buying out suppliers to control raw materials and transportation.

Horizontal Integration

Buying out companies that produce similar products to create a monopoly.

Monopoly

Complete control of an industry by a single corporation.

Trusts

Combining multiple businesses to maximize profits.

Strikes

When employees collectively walk out to demand better working conditions.

Blacklists

Lists that prevent people from working, often used against striking workers.

Bread and Butter Unionism

Focus on higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.