BioMed: 1.1.5

DNA stands for

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA is _______ charged

negatively

some virus are _______

non-living

Nonliving things can have DNA.

True; some viruses have DNA

proteins

large molecules that are essential for life

DNA’s chemical code provides the instructions for

building proteins

there are ___ possibilities when making different sets of DNA (three sequence strips: ATCG combinations)

64

nucleotides

the four building blocks: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

double helix

a twisted ladder that are held together by linked nucleotides that spiral clockwise around a central axis

expression trait

a trait where a person physically shows it, but there are also traits that a person carries and passes but never shows

adenine

purine base; a component of nucleic acids found in DNA, RNA, ATP (energy-carrying molecule)

thymine

pyrimidine base; a component of nucleic acids found in only DNA

guanine

purine base; a component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA

cytosine

pyrimidine base; a component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA

adenine always pairs with

thymine

thymine always pairs with

adenine

cytosine always pairs with

guanine

guanine always pairs with

cytosine

a nucleotide is made of

a nitrogenous base (AT or CG), a phosphate group (circle), and a pentose sugar (pentagon)

base pair

a group of two nucleotides: adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine

pentose sugar is also called 

deoxyribose sugar

purine’s have ___ ring(s)

2

pyrimidines have ___ ring(s)

1

“pure” As Gold

“pure” = purine

As = adenine

Gold = guanine

-they have two rings

Chargaff’s Rules

the nucleotides don’t have to have the same amount of the four, but the amount of adenine has to be the same as thymine and the amount of guanine has to be the same as cytosine

the weak bond in a DNA double helix

the hydrogen bond, it’s like a zipper because it needs to replicate and reproduce, it’s the bond between the base pairs (A and T, C and G)

the strong bond in a DNA double helix

the bond that connects the strand of nucleotides (A-G-T-G-C-A-T)

why are all individual organisms so different if they are all made up of the same four nucleotides

because they are not going to be in the same order on strands, meaning they will have different codes and different processes that will make different things

DNA can be found in…

bacteria, fungi, protists, plants, animals, and some viruses

purines (two rings) always pair with

pyrimidines (single ring)

pyrimidines (single ring) always pair with

purines (two rings)