Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology

John B Watson

John B Watson

________ was an American psychologist who focused on observable behavior instead of the mind because he believed it to be impossible to objectively analyze the mind.

Jean Piaget

________ was one of these psychologists, and focused on cognitive changes from infancy to childhood to adulthood.Personality Psychology.

Stanley Milgram

________ was an American social psychologist who conducted one of the most famous experiments known today to determine if the holocaust could happen in America.

William James

________ was an American psychologist who believed the purpose of psychology was to study the function of behavior in the world, which is now known as functionalism.

Psychology

________ is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Wilhelm Wundt

________ was a German scientist who was the first person to be considered a psychologist.

Freud

________ believed that we repress our threatening urges and desires into the unconscious mind without awareness, and that we can access our unconscious mind through dream analysis, examinations of the first words that come to our minds, and conversational slip ups.

BF Skinner

________ was an American behavioristic psychologist.

Critical thinking

________: the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well supported reasons rather than emotion and anecdote.

Structuralism

________: understanding the structure or characteristics of the mind

Ivan Pavlov

________ was a Russian physiologist who studied condition reflex, a form of learning behavior in which an animal or human produced an unconscious reflex to a stimulus and was conditioned to produce that same response to a different stimulus thats associated with the original stimulus.

O psychologists

I- ________ are often involved in personnel management, organizational structure, and workplace environment.

interdisciplinary approach

The ________ to biopsychology is often referred to as neuroscience.

Carl Rogers

________ was an American humanistic psychologist who used a therapeutic technique called client- centered therapy, which involves the patient leading the therapy session and the therapist displaying three key characteristics: unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.

Rogers

He studied how behavior was affected by its consequences, and proposed that punishment and reinforcement are major factors that drive behavior.Maslow, ________, and Humanism.

Sigmund Freud

________ was an Austrian neurologist studied patients suffering from hysteria, which is a nervous disorder with no physical cause.

scientific theory

A(n) ________ is a general explanation of an aspect of the natural world thats been consistently supported with evidence over time.

Psychoanalytic theory

________: studies the function of an individuals unconscious and early childhood memories.

Biopsychology

________: the study of how biology influences our behavior, or more specifically, how the structure and function of the nervous system relates to our behavior; usually focuses on the immediate causes of behavior.

psychological theories

Industrial- organizational psychology: applies ________, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings.

Forensic psychologists

________ usually act as expert witnesses and provide their research- or experience- based opinions.

Gestalt psychology

________: though a sensory experience can be separated into its individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is what a person typically perceives; the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

cognitive revolution

The ________: a movement during the 1950s that brought the focus of psychology back to the scientific studies of the mind (involved linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science)

scientific method

The ________ begins with a researcher asking a question about a phenomenon.

Abraham Maslow

________ was an American humanistic psychologist.

Social psychology

________: studies how we interact with and relate to others.

Humanism

________: an approach to psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all ________.

Maslows

He proposed a hierarchy of human need that motivate behavior, better known as ________ hierarchy of needs.

Evolutionary psychology

________: the study of the ultimate biological causes of behavior; predict the outcome of a behavior in a certain situation based on evolutionary theory.

Forensic psychologists

________ are also used in the jury selection process and witness preparation.1.4 Careers in Psychology.