Periodic Table Families and Periodic Trends

most reactive metals

alkali metals

least reactive metals

transition/post transition metlas

least reactive family of all

noble gases

toxic to living cells

halogens

most reactive nonmetal family

halogens

never found uncombined in nature

alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth metal families

ductile and malleable

transition/post transition metals

inert

noble gases

least dense metals

alkali metals

Form -1 ions

halogens

most dense metals

rare earth metals

most reactive of the families on the nonmetal side of the PT

halogens

Don't form ions

noble gases

1 valence shell electron

alkali metals

8 valence shell electrons

noble gases (except helium)

Form +2 ions

alkaline earth metals

Form organic compounds

nonmetals

All family members are gases at room temperature

noble gases

softest metals

alkali metals

Form +1 ions

alkali metals

7 valence shell electrons

halogens

2 valence shell electrons

alkaline earth metals

Has members in all three states of matter at room temperature

halogens

Lowest melting and boiling points of the periodic table

noble gases

"Elements of life"

nonmetals

Most difficult to extract from ore

Rare earth metals

semi-conductors

metalloids

Explosive in water

alkali metals

Characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

metalloids

Trend for electronegativity

electronegativity decreases from top to bottom and increases from left to right

Trend for ionization energy

first ionization energy decreases from top to bottom and increases from left to right

Trend for atomic radius

radius increases down the periodic table and decreases from left to right

Multiple oxidation states

rare earth metals; transition metals

Form ions based on column

metalloids, nonmetals