AP World History - Unit 7

What late 19th century developments heightened the competition between nations in Europe?

Historical rivalries, defensive nationalism, struggle for power

What factors lay deeper than the "alliance" system?

Great nationalism between states, industrialization militarism based on growing technologies, and imperialism

What effect did the unexpected devastation of the war have on Europe?

People began to question Enlightenment ideals and the superiority of their country.

What were some of the societal and cultural changes from the war?

People from lower classes moved to higher positions. Women gained more civil/voting rights. "Flappers" became more common. Great encouragement of consumerism followed.

How did WWI affect change for Ottomans?

The Ottomans collapse, leaving a huge power vacuum in the Middle East.

How did WWI affect change for Russians?

The Russians toppled the tsar, had a revolution, and a communist government took power.

How did WWI affect change for Japan?

The Japanese, who did not participate in the first world war, grew to a massive Asian Empire.

How did WWI affect change for the United States?

The United States became known as more powerful to other nations.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A treaty that forced Germany to admit to their crimes, lose territory, pay war reparations nd reduce their military. The League of Nations was also established.

What happened in Europe post-WWI?

The League of Nations falters without the U.S.'s participation; the European economies destroyed and plagued with war debt, and returning soldiers are bitter, angry, and afraid

What is authoritarianism?

A single party of leader demands blind obedience and complete power by using propaganda, terror, and violence

What caused Czar Nicholas II to abdicate?

Workers (men + women) expressed their outrage at the incompetence and privilege of elites via media, demonstrations, and plots of revolutions.

How did Lenin change the Bolshevik message to fit the times?

The message allowed an end to the war, land for the peasants, workers' control of factories and self-determination for non-Russian nationalities.

How did Stalin see the job of building socialism in the new Soviet Union?

Stalin found the modernization and industrialization of "backward" Russian society important, but also sought a unique socialist modernity placing emphasis of social equality and collectivism.

What role did the new Communist Party play in the Soviet Union?

The Party set up society so that individuality was suppressed and political and economic aspects were government controlled. Rapid urbanization, censorship of media, and move into agriculture took place.

What effect did the Great Depression have on European colonies, and which were the most affected?

Colonies saw the demand for products drop, the collapse of commodity prices, and vast unemployment. The colonies most affected were those producing only one or two products.

What were some of the things that happened in Latin America as a result of the Great Depression?

Latin American countries saw the value of their exports cut by 1/2, so economies were shifted to produce for internal markets. In Mexico, people were instigated to fight against unequal treatment and foreign interests.

Explain some the key ideas of European fascism?

Intense form of nationalism, looked down up liberalism, feminism, and parliamentary democracy, revolutionary in overthrowing regimes but conservative in other parts of life.

What types of people found the fascist message appealing?

All types of people across the social spectrum, as classes believed that communism and socialism threatened smaller-scale businesses, exemplified extreme materialism, and artificiality of modern life.

What conditions in Italy made fascism appealing?

Post-WWI, there were resentful veterans and patriots who believed that Italy had not gotten the land it deserved from the Treaty of Versailles. Italy also was a new state without a fully democratic culture or industrialized sector.

How did Mussolini rise to power?

Used violence, Black Shirts, military dictatorship, state-controlled capitalism

How were Italy and Germany similar in the growth for nationalism?

Both used extreme nationalism, violence, single-party dictatorships, were anti-communism, and view war as a positive and noble experience

How did the Great Depression facilitate the rise of Hitler?

The German economy halted, and the massive unemployment among workers demanded action from the state.

What was the message of the Nazi Party?

the Nazi Party expressed German nationalism via racial superiority, hatred for Jews, opposition to communism and the Treaty of Versailles, and a willingness to solve to the economic issues.

Why did Hitler's party gain the support of most of the population by the late 1930s?

Hitler's policies brought Germany out of the Depression. The number of unemployed Germans decreased when highways, bridges, canals and buildings were invested in, as well as when diminished military forces were rebuilt and rearmed. Also, Hitler appealed to rural and traditional ideas.

What were some of the Nuremburg Laws?

They were laws that said that Jews were prohibited from marrying non-Jews, would lose German citizenship, were not allowed to hold govt. positions, couldn't practice law or medicine. etc.

In what ways was Japan moving towards greater democracy in the 1920s?

Universal male suffrage was achieved, move towards a 2 party system, greater embracement of individuality, development of urban consumerism, and "modernization: culture.

What led to the rise of the Revolutionary Right in Japan?

The Great Depression led to dwindling conditions, as rural dwellers who raised silkworms were left impoverished, urban dwellers were unemployed, daughters were sold and money could not be owed.

How was fascism in Japan different from in Germany or Italy?

Japan had no right wing fascist party that gained popular support, no charismatic leader like Mussolini or Hitler and people arrested were not criminalized or extermination but were rather resocialized.

How did the Japanese government succeed in emerging from the Great Depression?

Similar to Nazi Germany, money was spent on public works and armaments. Japan also established censorship ideal and criticized the West's individuality.

What caused Japan to go to a full-scale war with China by 1937?

Japan gelt threatened by China's nationalism, and had already took control of Manchuria which had increased tensions.

How did the Japanese view of the world lead to Japan become more aggressive towards European territories in Southeast Asia?

Japanese people felt threatened and isolated due to the West's racist and anti-immigrant policies, the Soviet Union's unfamiliar communist ideology, and dependence on American goods.

How was WWII different from WWI?

The Second War not welcome, as people knew there was suffering to come. The First War used great defensive warfare, whereas the Second used "lightning war" with movement of infantry, tanks, and airforce.

How did WWII impact women?

Women were subject to rape and sexual assault. They took up jobs in industry and the military. Soviet women participated in combat, and over 1/2 made up the industry sector. Women focused less on rights, extravagance etc.

What was the Holocaust and how did it impact the world?

The Holocaust included death camps and tormentatio. of Jews and other groups by the Nazi. The Holocaust haunted post-war Germany and the West due to the tortures inflicted in a place of Christianity and the Enlightenment. It caused Jews to seek their own nation in Israel, displacing many Arabs.

How did the war rearrange world politics?

Europe was in economic and political shambles, and also effectively divided. the West half was under American security, and the East half was under Soviet oversight.

What happened with communism in Southeast and East Asia after the war?

Northern Korea was put under control of the Soviet Union, and there under communist control. Vietnam followed a locally based Communist movement that embodied socialism and Viet nationalism.

How was the Chinese Revolution of 1949 different from its Russian counterpart?

Unlike in Russia, the ideas of Karl Marx had been foreign to China.

How did the CCP struggle with it's gender messages in China?

The CCP struggled with gender messages because the male peasants and soldiers whose support they depended on did not ike the divorce, marriage, and liberal rights the CCP had so openly given men. This led to more restrained privileges for women.

How did the invasion of Japan facilitate the victory for CCP?

Japan's attack destroyed the Guomindang, where as the CCP grew in members, soldiers, and power. The CCP used guerilla warfare, reduced taxes, teaching literacy, and mobilizing women for the effort to gain support.

What sums up the causes of WWI? (M.A.I.N.)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Who were the two main alliances involved in WWI?

Triple Entente - Britain, France, Russia,

Triple Alliance - Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungarian Empire