data analytics 2 and 3

Variable

__ is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population.

Data

__ are the actual values of the variable

Qualitative Data and Quantitative Data

2 types of data:

Qualitative Data

it consists of attributes or labels

Quantitative Data

it consists of numerical measurement or counts

Discrete and Continuous

2 types of Quantitative:

Discrete

data values that can be counted

Continuous

data values that are obtained by measuring

Level of Measurement

it determines which statistical calculations are meaningful

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio

4 levels of measurement:

Nominal

it classifies data into mutually exclusive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data

Qualitative Only

data at the nominal level of measurement are __

Ordinal

it classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist

Qualitative

data at the ordinal level of measurement are __

Interval

__ ranks data, and precise differences between units of measure do exist; however, there is no meaningful zero.

Quantitative

data at the interval level of measurement are __

Ratio

it ranks data, and precise differences between units of measure do exist, and there exists a true zero

Quantitative

data at the ratio level of measurement are __

Discrete; Order less

properties of Nominal

Ordered categories; Comparisons

properties of Ordinal

Differences between ordered values have meaning

properties of Interval

Continuous; True 0 allows ratio statements

properties of Ratio

Bar and Pie

graphs for Nominal

Bar, Pie, and Stem and Leaf

graphs for Ordinal

Bar, Pie, Stem and Leaf, Box Plot, and Histogram

graphs for Interval

Histogram and Box Plot

graphs for Ratio

Data Sets

__ are proved to be more useful to organizations.

Record, Graph, and Ordered Data Sets

3 Main Types of Data Sets:

Record Data Sets

__ are those that are structured and presented in rows.

Record Data Sets

it may come in texts, numbers, or sequences

Data Matrix

another kind of record data is an m x n __ where m represents the rows or the numerical objects and n the columns for the numerical attributes. This is a matrix composed of real numbers

Market Basket/Transaction Data Set

it composed of combination of items or services that are often bought or lumped together

Graph Data Set

__ are those that represent relationships through the interconnections of points.

Graph Data Set

this can be commonly observed in sociograms and matrices that show the interaction between and among individuals in networks

Ordered Data Sets

__ are those that show data over certain sequences, periods, or progressions.

Time Series

one of the most common ordered data sets is the __. This includes data of a certain variable over a period of time

Big Data

__ is a data set so large or complex that traditional methods of storing, accessing and analyzing it is too expensive.

Big Data

__ is also a data but with huge size

Big Data

a collection of huge data sets that normal computing techniques cannot process\

Structured Data, Semi-Structured Data, and Unstructured Data

3 types of Big Data:

Structured Data

these are data that have proper structure associated with it and are stored in data bases in an ordered manner

Unstructured Data

data that does not have any structure associated with it at all

Unstructured Data

it has no clear format in storage and there was not much to do it except storing it or analyzing it manually

Data Collection

__ is the procedure of collecting, measuring, and analyzing accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques

Phone Surveys, Online Surveys, and In-Person Interviews

3 examples of Data Collection:

Raw Data

the data are in original form

Class

each raw data value is placed into a quantitative or qualitative category called __, when dealing with distributions

Frequency

the __ of a class then is the number of data values contained in a specific class.

Frequency Distribution

__ is the organization of raw data in table form, using classes and frequencies.

Categorical Frequency Distribution and Grouped Frequency Distribution

2 types of Frequency Distributions:

Categorical Frequency Distribution

it is used for the data that can be placed in specific categories

Histogram

it is constructed by placing the variable of interest on the horizontal axis and the selected frequency measure on the vertical axis.

Histogram

it provides information about the shape, form, or skewness of a distribution.

Grouped Frequency Distribution

it is a way of organizing a large set of data into more manageable groups.

Class Intervals

the groups that we organize the numerical data into are called __