Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease PowerPoint notes (copy)

What is Ischemic Heart Disease characterized by?

oxygenation to the myocardium.

Name three conditions included in Ischemic Heart Disease.

Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure with Preserved EF.

What do Beta Blockers counteract?

The adverse effects of adrenergic stimulation.

What effects do Beta Blockers have on myocardial oxygen demand?

They decrease myocardial oxygen demand.

Which beta adrenergic receptors are located on the cardiac sarcolemma?

Beta 1 receptors.

Where is the effect of beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

Located in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle.

What are the negative effects of Beta Blockers?

Negative inotropic (lowers contractility), negative chronotropic (lowers heart rate).

Name the primary mechanism of action for Beta Blockers.

Prevents epinephrine and norepinephrine from binding to their receptors.

What role does Protein Binding play in pharmacokinetics?

Extent to which the drug binds to plasma proteins; only unbound medication is active.

What is the significance of First pass hepatic metabolism?

Liver metabolizes substance from GI system, preventing distribution.

What is the difference between Cardio-Selective and Non-Cardio-Selective Beta Blockers?

Cardio-Selective targets cardiac beta 1 receptors, while Non-Selective affects the heart and respiratory system.

What are the clinical indications for Beta Blockers?

Angina Pectoris, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Early STEMI, CVA, Vascular Surgery.

What is characterized as Classic effort angina?

Reversible angina due to inadequate coronary vasodilation and increased myocardial oxygen demand.

How does Beta Blocker therapy approach Acute Coronary Syndromes?

Management based on risk stratification including quadruple therapy.

Which Beta Blockers are available for IV therapy during an acute MI in the USA?

Metoprolol and Atenolol.

What is a contraindication for using Beta Blockers in regards to heart conditions?

Severe Bradycardia.

What are Organic Nitrates primarily used for?

First-line agents for angina.

How do Organic Nitrates benefit the heart?

They reduce myocardial oxygen demand and act as vasodilators.

What is a notable side effect of Organic Nitrates?

Headache.

What is the mechanism of action for Calcium Channel Blockers?

They bind to L-type calcium channels blocking calcium ions from entering cells.

What are the two main types of Calcium Channel Blockers?

Dihydropyridines and Non-Dihydropyridines.

What do Dihydropyridines primarily affect?

Blood vessels.

What are the contraindications for using Calcium Channel Blockers?

Heart Failure, Hypotension, Heart Block, Sick Sinus Syndrome.

What can excessive use of Organic Nitrates lead to?

Tolerance.

What are potential adverse reactions of using Calcium Channel Blockers?

Fatigue, Dizziness, Heart Failure.