med term ch 10

Respiration

active inspiration, passive expiration

Inspiration

breathing in

Expiration

breathing out

Diaphragm

primary muscle of respiration

Upper respiratory tract

nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box)

Nose

nares, septum, turbinates, hairs

Nares

nostrils

Septum

divider between the nares

Turbinates

folds that that help circulate and swirl the air as it moves through the nose to warm, humidify, and clean the air before it moves further into the respiratory system

Hairs

help trap dirt and debris

Pharynx (throat)

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

portion of the throat closest to the nose

Oropharynx

portion of the throat closest to the mouth

Laryngopharynx

portion of the throat closest to the voice box

Lower respiratory tract

trachea (windpipe) > bronchi > lobar bronchi > segmental bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli (air sacs)

Alveoli

air sacs, site of gas exchange

nas/o, rhin/o

nose

pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

trache/o

trachea (windpipe)

sin/o, sinus/o

sinus (hollow space)

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

lung or air

pulmon/o

lung

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchi

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

alveol/o

alveoli (air sac)

stern/o

sternum

cost/o

ribs

thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o

chest

spir/o, -pnea

breathing

ox/o

oxygen

capn/o, carb/o

carbon dioxide

adenoid/o

adenoid

lob/o

lobe

pleur/o

pleura

phren/o

diaphragm

Apnea

no respiratory rate (RR)

Eupnea

good respiratory rate (RR)

Tachypnea

rapid respiratory rate (RR)

Bradypnea

slow respiratory rate (RR)

Hypopnea

shallow breathing

Hyperpnea

deep breathing

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

Orthopnea

only able to breath in an upright position

Hypoventilation

shallow and slow breathing

Hyperventilation

deep and fast breathing

Rhinorrhea

runny nose

Epistaxis

nosebleed

Rhinorrhagia

excessive flow of blood from the nose

Bronchospasm

involuntary contraction of the bronchus

Phrenospasm, singultus

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups)

Pleuralgia, pleurodynia

pain in the pleura (sac around the lungs)

Thoracalgia

pain in the chest

Expectoration

coughing up and spitting out lung secretions

Sputum

mucus coughed up from the lungs

Hemoptysis

coughing up blood

Bronchorrhea

discharge from the bronchi

Dysphonia

hoarse throat

Pectoriloquy

voice resonance through a stethoscope

Cyanosis

blue tint to the skin or lips

Retraction

suction of skin around the bones during inhalation

Pectus carinatum

protruding sternum

pectus excavatum

recessed sternum

Percussion

striking the surface of the chest

Atelectasis

partial or complete lung collapse

Tracheostenosis

narrowing of the trachea

Pulmonary edema

fluid in the lungs

Pleural effusion

fluid in pleural space

Hemothorax

blood in the chest

Pneumothorax

air in the chest

Hypercapnia, hypercarbia

high carbon dioxide levels

hypocapnia, hypocarbia

low carbon dioxide levels

Hypoxia

low oxygen levels

Hypoxemia

low blood oxygen levels

Oximetry

procedure to measure oxygen levels

Ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan)

test to distinguish between air or blood flow issue in the lungs

Polysomnography

recording different aspects of sleep

Pulmonary function test (PFT)

cluster of tests to evaluate function

Spirometry

procedure to measure breathing

Bronchoscopy

process to view the inside of the bronchi

Bronchiectasis

expansion of the bronchi

Phrenoplegia

paralysis of the diaphragm

Phrenoptosis

drooping of the diaphragm

Chylothorax

chyle in the chest

Pneumohemothorax

air and blood in the chest

Capnography

procedure to record carbon dioxide levels

Capnometer

instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels

Caseous Necrosis

the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance

Empyema/ Pyothorax

pus in the chest

Pulmonary angiography

an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity

Endoscope

instrument to look inside

Nasopharyngoscope

an instrument to look at the nose and throat

Thoracoscopy

examination of the chest

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

Rhinitis

inflammation of the nose

Sinusitis

inflammation of the sinus

Pansinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

Tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

Sleep apnea

cessation of breathing during sleep

Bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi