P.E. Reviewer

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

It comes from the Latin term “Physica,” which means Physical, and “Educare,” meaning Education. In short “Education of the Body”

Article 19 Section 14 Paragraph 1-2

The legal basis of Physical Education in the Philippines can be traced in the 1987 Philippine Constitution under

Health

is defined as the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO)

Physical activity

refers to any movement of the body that requires energy expenditure. It includes activities that people do in their daily lives, such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, dancing, or even household chores.

Physical Fitness

is the capacity of a person to perform an activity without getting burned out.

Health Related Fitness

• are directly associated with good health; its characteristics are great factors that affect one's health and wellbeing. This component is more focused on achieving a higher level of health or performance of the muscles and cardiovascular system.

• is innate and natural.

Skill-Related Fitness

• are more on the skill performance, activities in this component are focused on improving the skill of a person which is why it is commonly used during training programs of a certain sport. A skill is in every individual that is why it is easily improved during training and performance.

• can be molded and developed

BODY COMPOSITION

BMI, percentage of lean muscle mass, and body fats.

CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH

• capacity of the heart and lungs to work in unison.

• Running, Walking, Swimming, Skating, Brisk walking, Mountain climbing, and biking build cardiorespiratory endurance.

FLEXIBILILITY

capacity of the joints to move in a greater range.

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

capacity of the muscles to work without getting fatigued/in a repetitive manner. rowing, swimming, cycling, circuit training, running, interval training, baseball, and walking lunges are examples of Muscular Endurance exercises.

MUSCULAR STRENGTH

capacity of the muscles to exert an effort or force to lift an object. squats, planks, lunges, bicep curls, crunches, push-ups, pull-ups, climbing stairs, and deadlifts are examples of Muscular Strength exercises

BALANCE

capacity of a moving object to stay in equilibrium

Skill SPEED

the ability to move from one place to another within a short period of time.

AGILITY

constant speed but different directions.

COORDINATION

capacity of 2 or more body parts to work cooperatively.

POWER

sudden burst of energy.

REACTION TIME

to external stimuli.

WARM UP

heating the body before engaging in an activity.

COOL DOWN

a way to lessen the body's tension after a rigorous activity. which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.

STRETCHING

is done to stretch the muscle to optimize performance. Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group)

Active stretching

it is referred to as static-active stretching. Assume an active stretch position and then hold it with no assistance other than using the strength of the muscles. Active stretching increases active flexibility and strengthens the agonistic muscles.

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

is a physical therapy procedure designed to rehabilitate patients with paralysis.

Isometric stretching

is a type of static stretching (meaning motionless) which involves the resistance of muscle groups through tensing of the stretched muscles. Isometric stretching is one of the fastest ways to develop increased static or passive flexibility, and is more effective than either passive stretching or active stretching alone. Isometric stretching is quite demanding on the muscle tendons and joints, and therefore should not be performed more than once a day for a given group of muscles.

Ballistic stretching

is a form of passive or dynamic stretching in a bouncing motion. Ballistic stretches force the limb into an extended range of motion when the muscle is not relaxed enough to perform more strenuous activity. This type of stretching is considered the most dangerous kind because of the bouncing action that may lead to injury.

Dynamic stretching

involves moving parts of your body and gradually increasing the range of motion or speed of movement. And there are no bounced or "jerky" movements unlike in ballistic stretching.

Static stretching

consists of stretching a muscle (or group of muscles) to its farthest point and then maintaining or holding that position

Motor Skills

Locomotor movements and Non-locomotor skills

Locomotor movements

involve moving the body through space from one location to another. Examples of locomotor movements are walking, jumping, climbing, running, marching, hopping, sliding, skipping, galloping, leaping, and crawling.

Non-locomotor skills

are the body's movement that does not involve movement from one place to another. It involves movements around the axis of the body

FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT SKILLS

Jumping or leaping, Running, Catching, Throwing, Dodging, Hopping, Striking, Balance, Kick, Object control skills, Skipping

Jumping or leaping

is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory.

Running

is a method of terrestrial locomotion by which humans and other animals move rapidly on foot.

Catching

The ability to gain control of a moving object with one or two hands.

Throwing

is also a skill that can be relatively easily progressed as a child gains more exposure to the skill.

Dodging

movement and body awareness is the understanding of 'what my body is like and how I move with it.

Hopping

the activity of going from one place to another place of the same kind.

Striking

is a skill used in many sports and activities

Balance

is an essential physical ability that supports the development of other locomotor and object control skills.

Kick

is a physical strike using the leg, in unison usually with an area of the knee or lower using the foot, heel, tibia, ball of the foot, blade of the foot, toes or knee.

Object control skills

require controlling implements and objects such as balls, hoops, bats and ribbons by hand, by foot or with any other part of the body.

Skipping

is a locomotor movement that involves alternating between the left and right feet while hopping off the ground.