Judaism Practises

Synogogoue

building where jews meet for worship, study, social activities festivals

Synagogue worship and prayer

pray in a group some prayers can be only said in the presence of a minyan- 10 people

services held

Synagogue education

educates jews in faith

classes in Hebrew language in Jewish prayer

Synagogue social activities

youth club place to discuss matters

Synagogue charitable events

help jews donate their time and money

prayer hall

rectangular with seats on 3 sides 4th side ark is kept

Ark

significance?

cabinet where torah scrolls are kept holiest space 2 stone tablets placed above it

represents the Ark of the Covenant and the temple built by King Solomon

Ner tamid

ever burning light oil lamp symbolises God’s presence reminder of the menorah lit every night in the Temple in Jerusalem

Bimah

raised reading platform where torah is read

makes it easier for congregation to hear what is being said

reminder that the was the central feature of the courtyard in Jerusalem temple.

Orthodox Jews

traditional strictly follow the laws in the Torah given by God so should be followed closely

men and women have different roles all rabbi men

Reform Jews

progressive

individual choice in worship and practises

torah inspired by God but written by man so it can be adapted

men and women can take the same roles (rabbi)

Orthodox service

daily

Hebrew

person leading back to the congregation facing Ark

men and women separate

men cover their head skull cap women cover hair showing respect for God

singing unaccompanied

Reform Service

not daily

Hebrew and English

person leading faces congregation

men and women together

services shorter

music with instruments

Tallit

prayer shawl made from wool or silk reminds jews they are obeying God’s word

tassel attached to each corner- represent Mitzot

Tefilin

lair of leather box containing extracts from Torah and Shema reminds Jews they focus on God in prayer

Prayer service

Opening prayer

Shema

Amidah -standing prayer

Final prayer

Amidah

standing prayer blessings praise god and ask for mercy

ask for God’s help

thank God for opportunity and prayer for peace

Prayer is important because …

way to communicate with God communal prayer strengthens Jewish community

brings Jews closer to God

helps Jews remember what their faith is about

Shabbat is

Jewish holy day day of rest and renewal

time to celebrate God’s creation

Shabbat quote -

“remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy” - exodus

Services are held in synagogue for

Shabbat brief service on Friday to welcome it and a main service on Saturday

Service actions and significance-…

before the reading

congregation stands when ark is opened reminder of when jews stood at the bottom of mt Sinai

torah is dressed with a cover and ornaments vestments worn by priests

torah led in front of everyone paraded round the synagogue reminder of the jews march through the wilderness

What are the preparations for Shabbat?

signifigance

All work done / home prepared before Shabbat - work not allowed in shabbat

2 candles- 2 commandments remember and observe Shabbat

2 loaves of challah bread - food god provided for the Jews on Shabbat

wine on table placed on the table- joy and celebration

How is Shabbat welcomed?

female lights candle says a blessing

Jews are expected to pray …

3 times a day, stand

Mezuzot

small box contains scrolls from the Torah

Tenakh - 3 parts ?

Jewish sacred scripture Torah Neviim Keutvim

Torah

first 5 books of Moses form the basis of Jewish law

Neviim

the prophets 8 books that trace Jewish History

ketuvim

the writtings 11 books that contain a collection of poetry stories advice

Talmud

commentary by early rabbis contains discussions and teachings about how to interpret the torah and how it applies today

Mishnah

Gemara

The Talmud for______ Jews is the _____ of all Jewish laws

Orthodox source

3 ceremony’s to celebrate the birth of a child

Naming ceremony

Brit Milah

Redemption of the first son

Naming ceremony

signifigance

blessed in synagogue on first Shabbat father recites Torah Baby girl named boy named at circumcision

reform both parents take part

introduces Baby to community

Brit Milah

baby boy 8 years old baby placed on an empty chair symbolising presence of Elijah

Baby blessed

Baby circumcised

recalls the covenant made with Abraham

circumcision quote

“sign of the covenant “ Genesis

Redemption of the first born son

quote

orthodox jews give a small amount of money to redeem him from the temple 31 days after birth

prayer asking that the child may “enter into the Torah”

You shall have the first born of man redeemed Numbers

When Jewish boys turn 13 and girls turn 12 they are considered to be old enough to take full responsibility for …

practising their faith

Bar/bat Mitzvah significance

when a jew is seen to be an adult

when a jew is expected to follow Jewish law strictly

when Jewish boy can be part of the Minyan

How is Bar mitzvah celebrated?

read from torah in synagogue

wears a tallit

celebratory meal / party

How is Bat Mitzvah celebrated?

reform similar to bar mitzvah

girl reads from torah

celebratory meal

Betrothal

period of time before wedding when the couple are engaged - only broken by death or divorce

don’t live together

Before Wedding

couple may fast to cleanse themselves of sin

betrothal ceremony

bride joins groom under the chuppah canopy symbolises couple’s home

recite blessings over wine groom places ring over brides finger

marriage contract

signed Infront of a witness husband duties to wife inheritance upon death

reform - spiritual aspirations , mutual hopes for marriage

Marriage

7 wedding blessings rabbi short speech

groom breaks a glass under heel to show regret for destruction of Jerusalem

after ceremony (wedding)

couple together in a private room

Marriage is a way of …

experiencing holiness in everyday life. It creates a spiritual bond where two souls are fused to become one.

marriage quote

A man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife Genesis

First Periods of mourning

when death is announced make a small tear in clothes Genesis “Jacob tore his clothes … and observed mourning”

First period of mourning - buried in 24 hours deceased soul comforted because it doesn’t leave until buried

Second period of mourning

Shiva intense lasts 7 days mourners do not work but pray

don’t wear makeup shave or cut their hair mirrors covered over

The third period of mourning

lasts 30 days after shiva normal life resumes but mourners don’t listen to music or go to parties

Final period of mourning

11 months do not attend parties children continue to say Kaddish

After the first year of mourning

children continue to mark anniversary of parents death by candle sons also recite kaddish

Funeral

body washed and wrapped in plain linen cloth tallit for men simple coffin - everybody equal in death

service includes prayers and readings tombstone

Jewish dietary laws

some think they were for

Orthodox follow strictly

They beleive laws come form God to test obedience

reform think they are outdated

hygiene or health reasons

How is food prepared? - animal

animal slaughtered with sharp knife by a trained Jew animal conscious

blood drained

“make sure you do not partake of the blood” - Deuteronomy

Jews must keep

quote

dairy and meet separate several hours must pass between eating meet and milk

You shall not boil a kid in it’s mother milk” - exodus

How do jews practise Kosher rules

2 sinks 2 food prep areas

colour code utensils

Rosh Hashanah meaning … could be 12 marker for mock !!

festival that marks the start of Jewish new year where jews remember Gods creation of the world and God judges their actions and decides what their fortune will be like in the year to come anniversary of the day which God created humans.

How is Rosh Hashanah observed?

improve God’s judgment of them by taking good actions

celebrate at home festive meal with symbolic foods (apples dipped in honey)

attending service in synagogue prayers asking God to continue to be King of The world synagogue rams horn blown

long service

Yom Kippur meanings…

Day of atonement

Leviticus “atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you”

God’s judgment is finalised from Rosh Hashanah

How is Yom Kippur observed ?

service in synagogue ask God to forgive them help restore relationship with him

confess their sins

ark closed

Jews fast for 15 hours

wear white - purity

What is Pesach

festival that lasts 7 or 8 days. It celebrates the Jew’s escape from slavery in Egypt.

Pesach remembers the …

final plague that God sent to Egypt to persuade the pharaoh to release the Jews.

Pesach is important because ,..

It is a time for Jews to

it remembers when they were given the law that made them God’s chosen people.

give thanks to God and feel empathy for those who still live under oppression.

Pesach preparation

This recalls

Quote

remove leaven (yeast) from the home.

how the Jews did not have time to let their bread rise when they escaped.

Exodus “for 7 days you shall eat unleavened bread”

On the first evening of Pesach families celebrate with a special meal called

Passover seder

red wine Passover seder

quote

reminder of lambs blood jews smeared on door posts to save children from plague

4 glasses of wine blessed to represent the four freedoms God promised

Exodus “the blood will be a sign for you”

Seder plate

green vegetables- symbolise new life

bitter herbs-bitterness of slavery

charoset- remind jews life is now sweeter

egg and lamb one- reminder of sacrifices made in the Jerusalem temple