CH. 4 Marine Biology

Homeostasis

A term for the stable internal conditions maintained by living organisms.

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen

These three atoms are the most abundant building blocks of organic compounds that make life possible.

Glucose, starch, cellulose, chitin

These compounds are carbohydrates.

Hormones, enzymes

These terms describe proteins, which are another major group of organic molecules.

DNA, nucleotides, RNA, nucleic acids

These compounds are used to store the "recipe" for construction and maintenance of an organism.

Amino acids

These are the building blocks of proteins.

The figure shows what process?

Photosynthesis

Carbon fixation

What term describes the conversion of carbon dioxide to a simple sugar (glucose).

Autotrophs

Organisms capable of obtaining all the energy they need from sunlight (self-feeders) are called this.

Photosynthesis

Almost all of the oxygen on Earth was produced by this process.

• Nitrogen

• Phosphorus

• Silica

• Iron

These four nutrients are the most important ones in the ocean because they are needed by primary producers and are relatively rare.

T/F This is a eukaryotic cell

False

T/F This cell as a nucleus

False

T/F this cell is an autotroph

True

T/F This is a prokaryotic cell

True

T/F this cell contains chlorophyll

True

T/F Bacteria are the best-known prokaryotes

True

T/F A chloroplast is an organelle where photosynthesis takes place

True

T/F Prokaryotes have a nucleus containing chromosomes.

False

T/F Eukaryotes have a nucleus containing chromosomes.

True

T/F Mitochondria are the "power plants" of the eukaryotic cell

True

For table 4.2, what is A?

Poikilotherms

For table 4.2, what is B?

Ectotherms

For table 4.2, what is C?

Endotherms

For table 4.2, what is D?

Homeotherms

Looking at osmosis, what is A?

Lower solute concentration outside the cell

Looking at osmosis, what is B?

Same solute concentration

Looking at osmosis, what is C?

Higher solute concentration outside

Looking at osmosis, what is D?

Water loss through gills and skin

Looking at osmosis, what is E?

Water gain through gills and skin

T/F Germ cells in sexual reproduction undergo mitosis.

False

T/F Prokaryotes reproduce themselves by budding

False

T/F In prokaryotes, the cell replicates DNA then divides into two by cell fission.

True

T/F Eukaryotes replicate DNA in the nucleus and undergo mitosis.

True

T/F Asexual reproduction only requires one individual.

True

T/F Germ cells undergo meiosis during cell division

True

Reproduction strategies, what is A?

This is sexual broadcast spawning

Reproduction strategies, what is B?

This is asexual budding

Natural selection

What term is used when some members of a population survive and reproduce more successfully than others?

Theory of evolution

What is the term used to describe the gradual alteration of a species' genetic makeup resulting in greater diversity of life?

Same species

This description is appropriate if two animals can mate and produce fertile offspring.

Common phylogeny

What term do biologists use when two groups of organisms share a common evolutionary history?

Major groups of living things, what is A?

Prokaryotes

Major groups of living things, what is B?

Kingdom Animalia

Major groups of living things, what is C?

Eukaryotes

Major groups of living things, what is D?

Kingdom fungi

Major groups of living things, what is E?

Kingdom plantae

Major groups of living things, what is F?

Domain bacteria

Major groups of living things, what is G?

Domain Archaea

Major groups of living things, what is H?

Domain Eukarya

Major groups of living things, what is I?

Protists

Where is an atom in increasing complexity?

1

Where is a cell in increasing complexity?

2

Where is a population in increasing complexity?

3

Where is an ecosystem in increasing complexity?

4 (highest)

A single cube with a side of 1 cm has the same surface-to-volume ratio as a structure containing 8 cubes with sides that equal 1 cm (remember that surface of a cube with a side A is 6A² cm² and the volume is A³cm³).

TRUE!

Broadcast Spawning

Million of eggs are released in the water where fertilization occurs.

Hermaphrodites

Individuals that have both male and female reproductive organs.