Review Flashcards: Digital Devices, IT Systems, and Ethical Considerations

Flashcards covering definitions related to Digital Devices, IT Systems, and related concepts.

Digital Devices

Physical equipment that processes or transmits digital data.

Personal Computers (PCs)

Devices used for tasks like word processing, internet access, and gaming; examples include desktops and laptops.

Servers

Devices that manage network resources and offer more storage and power than PCs; examples include web, mail, and file servers.

Mobile Devices

Portable, battery-powered devices like smartphones and tablets, suitable for internet and entertainment.

Entertainment Systems

Devices for media consumption, such as media players and game consoles.

Navigation Systems

Systems that use GPS for real-time maps and directions, common in cars and smartphones.

Multifunctional Devices (MFDs)

Devices that perform multiple tasks, like smartphones or multifunctional printers.

Digital Cameras

Devices that capture photos and videos as digital data.

Data Capture & Collection Systems

Devices that input and store data automatically, reducing human error, such as barcode scanners.

Communication Devices & Systems

Devices that allow data transfer between devices over networks, such as NIC cards and routers.

Interactive Whiteboards

An interactive tool used by teachers to display and interact with content.

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs)

Websites where teachers upload resources and students access materials, submit work, and get feedback.

Online Shopping & Banking

Shopping and managing finances from home, saving time and offering accessibility.

Social Networking

Platforms that let users share updates, photos, and connect with others.

VoIP

Enables voice and video calls over the internet.

Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)

Devices that enable faster, more accurate checkouts in retail.

Administration Software

Software that helps track finances and create reports.

Video Conferencing

Software like Citrix GoToMeeting that enables remote meetings.

Design & Manufacturing Software

CAD and CAM software to streamline design and production.

Input Devices

Devices that allow us to enter data into a computer system (e.g., keyboard, mouse).

Output Devices

Devices that send data from the computer to the user (e.g., monitor, printer).

Hard Disc Drives (HDDs)

Cost-effective and reliable storage device with high capacity but slower speeds.

Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

Storage device with faster speeds, durability, and energy efficiency but higher cost.

USB Flash Drives

Portable and versatile storage devices but prone to physical damage and security risks.

SD Cards

Portable and compatible storage devices with limited lifespan and variable speeds.

Optical Discs (CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray)

Long-lasting and cost-effective storage for distribution but with low capacity.

Manual Data Processing

Data entered manually, which is slower and prone to errors but handles complex data.

Automatic Data Processing

Uses devices for faster, more accurate data entry but is limited to simpler data.

Accessibility Devices

Devices designed to aid individuals with disabilities, such as trackballs and Braille keyboards.

Real-time (RTOS)

Operating system that monitors events and processes data in real-time (e.g., traffic lights).

Single-user, Single-task

Operating system that allows one user to perform one task at a time.

Single-user, Multi-tasking

Operating system that allows one user to perform multiple tasks simultaneously (e.g., Windows).

Multi-user

Operating system where multiple users share system resources (e.g., UNIX).

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

A type of interface using graphical elements like icons and windows, navigated by a pointer.

Command Line Interfaces (CLI)

Text-based interface where users type commands.

Menu-Based Interfaces

Interface where users choose from a list of options, commonly seen in ATMs.

Adapted Interfaces

Interfaces that adjust to different screen sizes or environments (e.g., responsive websites).

Disk Defragmenter

Utility software that improves HDD speed by reorganizing data.

Backup Software

Automatically creates copies of data for recovery.

Cleaner Software

Utility software that frees space by removing unused files.

Anti-Virus Software

Detects and removes malware; scanning can be slow.

Firewalls

Blocks threats but may slow network speed.

Word Processor

Software used for creating text documents.

Spreadsheet Software

Software designed to manage data and perform calculations.

Presentation Software

Software used to give slideshow presentations..

CAD

Software used for technical designs.

Video Editor

Software to edit videos.

Virtual Reality (VR)

Emerging technology needing powerful graphics and memory.

USB

Connects devices using short range but fast data transfer and provides power.

SATA

Used for internal storage, providing fast data transfer but no power.

VGA

Older display connector transmitting analog signals.

HDMI

Common display connector supporting high-quality video and audio.

Ethernet Cable

Reliable, high-speed networking cable for connecting devices.

Fibre Optic Cable

Extremely fast networking cable with a long range but expensive installation.

LAN

A network within a small area (e.g., a building).

WAN

A network over a large area, like the internet.

PAN

Connects personal devices (e.g., smartphone to smartwatch).

VPN

A secure, encrypted network over the internet for remote access.

SMTP

Used for sending emails.

POP3

Retrieves emails and removes them from the server.

IMAP

Retrieves emails but keeps them on the server.

SIP

Establishes connections and manages communication for VoIP.

RTP

Transports audio and video data packets during VoIP calls.

HTTP

Transfers web pages and files from servers to clients.

HTTPS

Secure version of HTTP, encrypts data using TLS/SSL.

FTP

Used to transfer files between computers, including web pages to servers.

SET

Protocol for secure payments, though not widely used.

3D Secure

Used by major payment systems for secure online transactions, involving user authentication.

Sniffing

Unauthorized users capturing sensitive network data.

Spoofing

Attackers impersonating another device to gain access.

Firewalls

Control data flow by monitoring traffic and blocking suspicious packets.

Encryption

Converts readable data into unreadable ciphertext.

Bandwidth

Data transfer rate (e.g., megabits per second).

Latency

Delay in data transfer (milliseconds).

Lossy Compression

Reduces file size by discarding data, irreversible.

Lossless Compression

Reduces file size without losing data.

Cloud Storage

Stores and shares data online, accessible from any device with syncing.

Cloud Computing

Internet-based software (e.g., email, office tools).

VPNs

Securely connect to a business’s network remotely, protecting data with encryption.

Remote Desktop Technologies

Access work desktops and applications remotely.

Online Communities

Groups communicating online around shared interests.

Social Media

Platforms like Facebook for updates and interactions.

Blogs

Informal websites for news and opinions.

Microblogs

Short posts (e.g., X/Twitter).

Vlogs

Video blogs (e.g., YouTube).

Wikis

Collaborative websites like Wikipedia.

Chatrooms

Real-time text discussions.

Instant Messaging

Private conversations (e.g., WhatsApp).

Podcasts

Regular audio content, downloadable.

Forums

Message boards for discussions (e.g., Reddit).

Malware

Includes viruses, worms, trojans, spyware.

Hackers

Steal or misuse data through unauthorized access.

Phishing

Fake emails/websites trick users into giving personal info.

File Permissions

Control who can view/edit/delete files.

Access Levels

Limit user access to prevent malware and errors.

Backups

Regular copies to protect against data loss.

Digital Certificates

Enable secure (HTTPS) encrypted communication.

Protocols (SSL/TLS)

Secure data during online transmission.

Transactional Data

Collects data from purchases (e.g., personal info, items, price, date/time).

Collaborative Working

Real-time online collaboration using tools like cloud storage and video conferencing.