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what are the water soluble secondary messengers?
cAMP or ions
what are the lipid soluble secondary messengers?
IP3, DAG
MAPK pathway (simplified)
RAS → RAF → MEK → ERK
what are oncogenes?
genes that can transform a normal cell into a cancerous cell
what are proto-oncogenes?
genes involved in normal cell function but when mutated can lead to cancer
what are tumour suppressor genes?
genes that regulate cell growth but when mutated can cause uncontrolled growth