Electron Sea
Metallic bonding happens between metal atoms when the atoms donate their valence electrons to a “pool” of shared valence electrons which can then flow around the atoms (now cations because they’re lost their valence electrons) and be shared by all of the atoms in the sample
Metallic bonds are the attractive forces between what?
Positive metal ions and moving valence electrons in a metal.
Metals are ____ at room temperature
Solids
Metallic bonds must have _____ forces of attraction between atoms.
Strong
Mixtures of metals are called?
Alloys
Metallic bonding happens between a group of…
Atoms and electrons that are shared by many atoms instead of being restricted to two atoms
Metals are malleable because…
of the free moving sea of electrons can easily adapt to new shapes
Metals are good conductors of electricity because…
the electrons in the sea are not fixed into a position but are free to carry a current
Metals are shiny because…
the sea of electrons provide a uniform surface that can absorb and reflect light uniformly
Types of atoms involved in ionic bonds
Metals and nonmetals
Types of atoms involved in covalent bonds
Nonmetals
Types of atoms involved in metallic bonds
Metals
Method of bond formation in ionic bonds
Transfer of electrons
Method of bond formation in covalent bonds
Sharing of electrons
Method of bond formation in metallic bonds
Sharing of transferred electrons
Type of structure in ionic bonds
Crystalline
Type of structure in covalent bonds
Molecular
Type of structure in metallic bonds
Crystalline
Physical state in ionic bonds
All solids
Physical state in covalent bonds
Mixture of solids, liquids and gases
Physical state of metallic bonds
All solids but mercury
Melting point of ionic bonds
Very high
Melting point of covalent bonds
Lower
Melting point of metallic bonds
High
Solubility in water for ionic bonds
Many are water soluble
Solubility in water for covalent bonds
Polar are water soluble, nonpolar are not
Solubility in water for metallic bonds
Not soluble in water
Electrical conductivity for ionic bonds
Good conductors when dissolved or melted
Electrical conductivity for covalent bonds
Non conductors
Electrical conductivity for metallic bonds
Very good conductors
Other properties of ionic bonds
Brittle
Other properties of covalent bonds
Includes organic compounds (a very large group of compounds)
Other properties of metallic bonds
Malleable, shiny
Dipole-Dipole occur between…
Polar molecules
London forces occur between…
All molecules but most important for non polar molecules
Hydrogen bonds occur between…
Every polar molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to Oxygen, Nitrogen or Fluorine
Dipole-Dipole relative strength
Intermediate
London forces relative strength
Weakest
Hydrogen bonds relative strength
Strongest
Brief explanation of Dipole-Dipole interaction
The positive regain on one polar molecule attract the negative region in another polar molecule
Brief explanation of London forces interaction
The constant shifting of electrons in the electron clouds of molecules produce temporary dipoles which can then briefly attract the temporary dipoles in other molecules. These forces increase with the size and number of electrons in a molecule
Brief explanation of Hydrogen bonds interaction
Similar to Dipole-Dipole forces but are much stronger because of the VERY polar molecules involved
Dipole-Dipole attractions are responsible for…
Higher melting and boiling points for polar compounds
London bonds are responsible for…
The ability of liquify a non polar substance like Oxygen or Nitrogen
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for…
The very high boiling point of water, the fact that ice floats, the ability of DNA to unzip and replace
Intermolecular forces
The forces that happen between molecules
Intramolecular forces
The forces that are within the bonds that hold molecules together
Chemical bond
An electrostatic force of attraction between two atoms that holds the atoms together.