Antigens, MHC, and Antibodies

What type of molecules are the best immunogens because of their large size and high complexity?

proteins

A(n) (alloantigen/heteroantigen) is an antigen from another member of the host’s species.

alloagntigen

A(n) (alloantigen/heteroantigen) is an antigen from another species.

heteroantigen

Small molecules that need to be coupled with a carrier protein to become immunogenic are called what?

haptens

Lymphocytes can only recognize specific binding sites on antigens called:

epitopes

What dose MHC stand for?

major histocompatibility complex

What is the function of MHC?

present antigens on the surface of infected cells for T-cell recognition

Class I MHC is located in what 3 regions on chromosome 6?

1. A

2. B

3. C

MHC class (I/II) molecules process endogenous (originating inside the cell) antigens.

class I

Class II MHC is located in what 3 regions on chromosome 6?

D

MHC class (I/II) molecules process exogenous (originating outside the cell) antigens.

class II

The B27 HLA allele is associated with what disease?

• ankylosing spondylitis

• celiac disease

• rheumatoid arthritis

• type 1 diabetes

ankylosing spondylitis

The DQ2 (strong) and DQ8 (weak) with + HLA alleles are associated with what disease?

• ankylosing spondylitis

• celiac disease

• rheumatoid arthritis

• type 1 diabetes

celiac disease

The DR4 HLA allele is associated with what disease?

• ankylosing spondylitis

• celiac disease

• rheumatoid arthritis

• type 1 diabetes

rheumatoid arthritis

The DQ2 (weak) and DQ8 (strong) HLA alleles are associated with what disease?

• ankylosing spondylitis

• celiac disease

• rheumatoid arthritis

• type 1 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

What are adjuvants?

enhance antigenicity of vaccines

MHC testing is preformed for what type of transplant?

tissue grafts

What cell produces antibodies?

plasma cells (B cells)

What is the primary function of an antibody?

protecting host by binding to antigens

The (fab/Fc) portion of an antibody includes the bindings sites and hinge region.

fab

The (fab/Fc) portion of an antibody can activate complement sequence or bind to cell receptors.

Fc

What are the 2 types of light chains?

1. Kappa

2. Lambda

What is part A?

variable light V_L

What is part B?

variable heavy V_H

What is part C?

constant light C_L

What is part D?

constant heavy C_H

(Inter/Intra)-chain disulfide bonds hold the 4 polypeptide chains together to form a complete antibody.

inter-chain

(Inter/Intra)-chain disulfide bonds hold the the light and heavy chains together.

intra-chain

Unique heavy chain in the antibody class.

• isotype

• allotype

• idiotype

isotype

The genetic variation in the constant regions.

• isotype

• allotype

• idiotype

allotype

Variations in the variable regions that cause antibody specificity.

• isotype

• allotype

• idiotype

idiotype

(Papain/Pepsin) cleaves the antibody to produce 1 Fc fragment and 2 Fab fragments.

papain

(Papain/Pepsin) chops up the Fc region to produce 1 whole Fab fragment

pepsin

(IgG/IgM) is pentameter with 10 binding sites.

IgM

(IgG/IgM) has the same response time in primary and secondary antigen exposures.

IgM

How long does it take for IgM antibodies to be detectable in the body after primary/secondary antigen exposure?

5-7 days

(IgG/IgM) is a monomer with 2 binding sites.

IgG

IgG has a shorter lag phase in the (primary/secondary) antigen exposure response.

secondary

How long does it take for IgG antibodies to be detectable in the body after secondary antigen exposure?

24-48 hours

(IgG/IgM) has memory cells.

IgG

(Avidity/Affinity) is the strength of the bond.

avidity

(Avidity/Affinity) is the initial attraction between antigen and antibody.

affinity