PHYSICS 2 -COULUMB (REVIEW)

Electric Charge

A property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field, typically measured in coulombs (C).

Coulomb's Law

States that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Neutral Object

An object with equal amounts of positive and negative electric charges, resulting in no overall charge.

Net Charge

The total electric charge of an object, can be positive, negative, or neutral depending on the balance of positive and negative charges.

Static Electricity

An imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material, often noticed as a shock or attraction/repulsion.

Coulomb (C)

The unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).

Electric Force

The attraction or repulsion between charged objects, which depends on the magnitude and direction of their electric charges.

Inverse Square Law

A physical law stating that a specified quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that quantity.

Charge Imbalance

A deviation from neutral charge, where an object has either excess positive or negative charge.

Point Charge

A charged object with negligible size compared to the distances involved in its interactions.

Electric Field (E)

A region around a charged particle where a force would be exerted on other charged particles, typically measured in newtons per coulomb (N/C).

Attractive Force

The force that pulls two charged objects toward each other.

Repulsive Force

The force that pushes two charged objects away from each other.

Magnitude of Electric Force

The strength of the electric force between charged objects, calculated using Coulomb's law.

Proportionality of Charges

The principle that changing the amount of charge on an object affects the electric force proportionally.

Distance Impact on Force

As the distance between two charges increases, the electric force between them decreases according to the inverse square law.

Excess Charge

The amount of charge that surpasses the balance of positive and negative charges in an object.

Electric Charge Imbalance

A condition where one type of electric charge outweighs the other, leading to static electricity.

Electric Field Intensity

The force per unit charge experienced by a small positive test charge placed within an electric field.

Coulomb's Law Constant (K)

The proportionality constant in Coulomb's Law, typically equal to approximately 9 x 10⁹ N·m²/C².

Conductors

Materials that allow electric charges to flow easily, such as metals.

Insulators

Materials that resist the flow of electric charges, such as rubber or glass.

Grounding

The process of connecting an electrical circuit to the earth to prevent build-up of voltage.

Capacitance

The ability of a system to store an electric charge, measured in farads (F).

Voltage (V)

The electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts.

Current (I)

The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

Resistance (R)

The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

Ohm's Law

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit, stated as V = I × R.

Electrical Circuit

A complete path through which electric current can flow.

Power (P)

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred, calculated as P = V × I and measured in watts (W).