MMG 1650 Exam 1

Microbiology

Study of small living things

Mycology

the scientific study of fungi

Bacteriology

specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria

parasitology

The scientific study of parasites, their hosts, and the interactions between them

virology

the scientific study of viruses, their structure, classification, replication, and the diseases they cause

taxonomic hierarchy

DKPCOFGS

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Binomial nomenclature system

Genus species

normal microbiota

train immune system, produce vitamins, help digest food, can impact food/brain function

mutualism

microbe helps host

commensalism

no perceived harm/benefit

parasitism

microbe hurts host

Benefits of microbiome

90% of serotonin produced in gut

helps digest and pulls calories from things we can’t digest ourselves

pathogen

microbe that causes disease

true pathogen

does not require a weak host to cause disease

opportunistic pathogen

agents of disease in certain circumstances

etiology

the cause of a disease

infection

growth of pathogen in or on host

disease

any change in the state of health

signs

objective changes in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

symptoms

subjective changes in body function that are felt by patient

reservoir

animals, humans, objects or habitats where pathogen is
naturally foundSour

Source

endogenous - comes from microbiome

exogenous - external to host

transmission

spread of a pathogen from a source to new host

quarantine

period of confinement away from the general population

dysbiosis

disrupted microbiota

Koch’s Postulates

1. Same organism must be present in every case of disease

2. organism must be isolated from diseased host and grown as culture

3. isolated organism should cause the disease in question when inoculated into host

4. organism must be re isolated from the inoculated/disease animal

Five general stages of infection

Incubation period

Prodromal phase

Acute phase

Period of decline

Convalescent phase

Epidemiological triangle elements

Environmental factors, host factors, etiological agent

Modes of transmission

Direct contact and indirect contact

Direct modes of transmission

Blood borne, sexual, droplet, vertical (in utero), zoonotic

Indirect modes of transmission

Airborne, oral-fecal, vehicle

Transmission precautions

Standard, contact, droplet, airborne

Epidemiology definition and its goals

Promoting public health by monitoring and controlling disease

Prokaryotic Microbe

No organelle or nucleus, unicellular, microscopic, cell wall

Strain

Genetic variants of the same species

Morphology

Form and structure of an organism or it’s parts

Endospores

Produces when growth conditions are poor, very hard to destroy

Gram positive bacteria

Purple, thick peptidoglycan layer, lack outer membrane

Gran negative bacteria

Thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane