Lumbar Spine Lab Manual

name the numbered structures

1- vertebral body, 2-superior articular process, 3- inferior articular process, 4-transverse process, 5- spinous process, 6- pedicle, 7- lamina

all lumbar and thoracic vertebrae are considered ____

typical

there are ____ thoracic and ____lumbar vertbrae

12, 5

what direction do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertbrae project

almost directly posteriorly

defining factors of lumbar vertebrae

short and square spinous processes, large and kidney shaped vertebral bodies, triangular vertbral foramen

what is the plane of the facets in the lumbar spine? what motion does this promote?

sagittally from L1-L4 to allow more flexion, coronally at L5-S1 to allow more lateral motion

what is the plane of the facets in the thoracic spine? what motion does this promote?

coronal, promotes lateral flexion

defining features of thoracic vertebrae

long spinous processes that slope posteriorly/inferiorly over adjacent vertebrae, heart shaped vertebral bodies, circular/smaller foramen

what is the main function of the SI joint?

to provide stability and attenuate forces to the LEs

what plane does most motion at the SI joint occur in?

sagittal (nutation/ counternutation)

what 2 main ligaments support the SI jpoint?

anterior sacroiliac ligamant and posterior sacroiliac ligament

what are the 2 accessory ligaments of the SI joint? what is their main function?

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, main function is to prevent rotation of the sacrum

name the labeled ligaments

1- anterior sacroiliac ligament, 2- sacrospinous ligamanet, 3- sacrotuberous ligament

name the labeled ligaments

1- posterior sacroiliac ligament, 2- sacrospinous ligament, 3- sacrotuberous ligament

what muscles make up the erector spinae group from lateral to medial?

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

how many segments do semispinalis span?

4-6

how many segments do rotatores span?

1-2

how many segments do multifidus span?

2-4

what muscles make up the transversospinalis group?

semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

generally speaking, where are the muscles of the transversospinalis group said to be located?

the bony gutter b/w the transverse and spinous processes

what muscles make up the segmental group (deepest layer of spinal muscles)

interspinale, intertransversarii, levatores costarum

how do the fibers of the external oblique run?

inferiorly and medially

how do the fibers of the internal oblique run?

upward and medially

how do the fibers of the transversus abdominus run?

medially in a horizontal orientation

what are the functions of the pelvic floor?

hold pelvic organs in place, provide support for abdominal viscera, maintain tone of pelvic cavity

what muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm which forms the floor of the pelvis?

levator ani and coccygeus

what are the 3 subdivisions of the levator ani?

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

label these muscles of the pelvic floor

1-coccygeus, 2- iliococcygeus, 3-pubococcygeus, 4-puborectalis

what muscles support thhe posterior and lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

piriformis and obturator internus