Module 6

A series of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to substance-related disorders, addiction behaviors, treatment methods, and influencing factors.

Addictive Behavior

A pathological need for a certain substance, leading to compulsive use.

Substance Abuse

Excessive use of a substance causing harmful behavior or health issues.

Substance Dependence

A physiological or psychological need to continue using a substance.

Tolerance

Needing larger doses of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Withdrawal

Unpleasant symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of substance use.

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Compulsion to take alcohol regularly to experience effects or avoid withdrawal.

Delirium Tremens

Severe withdrawal reaction from alcohol with tremors, fever, and hallucinations.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Birth defects caused by heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy.

Narcotics

Drugs like morphine, heroin, or codeine that relieve pain and produce euphoria.

Sedatives

Depressant drugs (e.g., barbiturates) that slow brain activity and can cause dependence.

Stimulants

Substances like amphetamines or cocaine that increase alertness and motor activity.

Amphetamines

Synthetic stimulants that increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels, enhancing alertness.

Methamphetamines

Highly addictive stimulants that cause strong, long-lasting cravings. An amphetamines derivative, colloquially called "crystal meth" or "ice" (due to its clear crystal appearance).

Cocaine

A stimulant that blocks dopamine reuptake, causing euphoria and high energy.

Hallucinogens

Drugs like LSD or PCP that cause perceptual and sensory distortions.

LSD

A hallucinogen that alters perception and may cause flashbacks or HPPD. The prototype of all hallucinogens.

D-lysergic acid diethylamide

LSD is an acronym that stands for ________________. This chemical was first manufactured in 1938 by Albert Hoffman, a Swiss chemist.

Trip

Users experience a ______ denoting a sense of heightened awareness or expansion of

consciousness.

Bad trip

It may incite intense fear to the point of a panic attack. Among LSD users, this is termed a?

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A drug combining hallucinogenic and stimulant properties, increasing serotonin.

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Also called as “Angel Dust” a hallucinogen with stimulant/depressant effects that can mimic schizophrenia.

Marijuana

A depressant from Cannabis sativa with relaxing and mild hallucinogenic effects.

Hashish

A stronger form of marijuana is called __________. This is produced by drying the resin exudate of cannabis sativa.

Genetic Factors

Hereditary influence on substance tolerance and dependence risk.

Alcohol dehydrogenase

This deficiency Is related to genetic mutations in proteins that code for this enzyme which is important for metabolizing alcohol, and is responsible for intolerance to alcohol use. (Common for Asians)

Neurobiological Factors

These neurotransmitters are involved in the reward system of the brain (dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate) which are responsible for the pleasurable effects of substances that are commonly abused.

Psychological Factors

Mood alteration, expectancies, and personality influence substance use.

Sociocultural Factors

Peer influence, family environment, and cultural norms affect drug use.

Detoxification

First treatment step—supervised withdrawal from substances.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Treatment that modifies behavior and thoughts to maintain abstinence.

Motivational Interviewing

Enhances motivation for recovery by exploring personal goals and ambivalence.

Timeline Flow Back (TLFB)

a comprehensive assessment that includes an assessment of drinking patterns for the past three months.

Motivational treatment

It includes individualized feedback about a person's drinking in relation to the average amount of drinking that is encountered in the community, education about the harmful effects of alcohol, and tips for reducing harm and moderate drinking.

Support Groups

Community programs like Alcoholics Anonymous aiding recovery through peer support.

Contingency Management

Behavioral therapy rewarding abstinence with incentives or vouchers.

Drug Antagonist

Medication like Naltrexone that blocks the effects of addictive drugs.

Drug Substitutes

Medications like Methadone used to reduce cravings by mimicking illicit drugs.

Gamma-aminobutyric

Meaning of GABA?

Glutamate

is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is important for normal brain function.

GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter, which are activated during alcohol consumption.

Polydrug abuse

condition wherein more than one substance is actively abused at a time.

Eating disorders, personality disorders, and suicidal tendencies

Alcohol use disorder is also associated with increased incidence of:

Brain

is the organ most susceptible to alcohol's effects.

Serotonin and dopamine

Responsible for the pleasure sensation.

Liver cirrhosis

is a terminal illness brought on by chronic alcohol consumption, impairing liver functions like protein/coagulation factor synthesis and toxin metabolism/excretion, which can cause death.

Pancreatitis

an inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption.

Opioid receptors

Narcotics affect the body by stimulating the innate _______ _________ in the central nervous system, which are responsible for pleasurable effects.

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Chronic LSD users can have a persistent flashbacks, especially during stress or illness, can lead to HPPD which means?

Entactogen

which is a term that denotes a combination of hallucinogenic and stimulatory properties.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A medication that is given to alcohol users because it causes severe vomiting when taken with alcohol.

Naltrexone

It is an opiate antagonist that blocks the activity of endorphins during alcohol consumption, thereby leading to reduced alcohol cravings.

Acamprosate

Another medication that can be given to alcohol users. Its exact mode of action is unknown, but it was thought to reduce cravings by interfering with glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems.

Self-help residential homes

This is another option for the treatment of substance use disorder. Features of this treatment include separation from previous social contacts, especially people who are influential in reinforcing illicit drug use.