Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bacteria and archaea, their characteristics, reproduction, structure, and associated diseases.

What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?

Bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotic cells.

What are the three types of prokaryotes based on their oxygen requirements?

1. Obligate Anaerobes 2. Obligate Aerobes 3. Facultative Aerobes.

Name a characteristic that all prokaryotic cells share.

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA, RNA and ribosomes.

What additional structure do bacterial cells have besides the cell membrane?

Bacterial cells have a cell wall.

How do bacterial cells move?

They move using flagella.

What is the structure in bacterial cells that contains genetic material?

The nucleoid contains the main chromosome, which is circular.

What are plasmids?

Plasmids are small circles of DNA found in bacteria.

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

1. Spherical (Cocci) 2. Rod-shaped (Bacilli) 3. Spiral-shaped (Spirilli).

What type of reproduction do bacteria undergo in a process called binary fission?

Bacteria reproduce asexually in a process called binary fission.

What is conjugation in bacteria?

Conjugation is the process by which a unicellular organism transfers genetic material to another unicellular organism.

What are methanogens?

Methanogens are a group of archaea that produce methane gas as a waste product for making energy.

What diseases are commonly caused by bacteria?

Diseases include Tetanus, Gangrene, Spotted Fever, Typhus, Food Poisoning, Bubonic Plague, Strep Throat, Tuberculosis, and Diphtheria.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a vapor.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water.

What is precipitation?

Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds to the Earth's surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

What is collection in the water cycle?

Collection is when precipitation collects in bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans.

What role does the sun play in the water cycle?

The sun provides the energy needed for evaporation to occur, driving the water cycle.

What is infiltration?

Infiltration is the process by which water seeps into the ground and is absorbed by soil.

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the process through which water vapor is released from plants into the atmosphere.

What is groundwater?

Groundwater is water that is stored underground in soil and rock layers.

What is surface runoff?

Surface runoff is water that flows over the land's surface into bodies of water after precipitation.

What is the water table?

The water table is the upper level of an underground surface in which the soil or rocks are saturated with water.