Exam ii

What is the immediate response of a plant during photosynthesis when the lower epidermis of a leaf is peeled?

There is expected to be no change immediately, but a long-term decrease is anticipated.

What type of plants dominate high-latitude boreal forests due to their resilience to freezing-induced cavitation?

Gymnosperms, such as spruces, dominate these forests.

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants?

They provide resistance to pathogens, access to soil regions that roots cannot, and enhance nutrient release.

What effect can fungicides have on plants?

Fungicides may lead to phosphorus deficiency by destroying mycorrhizal symbionts.

Why might farmers allow bean family weeds to grow?

These weeds can form symbioses with N2-fixing bacteria, reducing the need for commercial fertilizers.

In ferns, which structure has vascular tissues for height advantage and spore dispersal?

The sporophyte has vascular tissues; the gametophyte does not.

Where in angiosperms is the gametophyte contained?

The gametophyte is contained in the anthers or ovaries; the rest is the sporophyte.

What is the function of flower petals?

They are brightly colored structures specialized for attracting animal pollinators.

Where is auxin found in a leaning African violet?

Auxin is found on the shaded side of the plant, facing away from the light.

What is the origin of root meristems and their significance?

Root meristems originate at the pericycle, providing a direct connection to xylem and phloem for enhanced growth efficiency.

What could the presence of thin growth rings in a redwood tree indicate?

It may indicate drought or nutrient limitations during those periods.

What can procambial cells become in a vascular cambium?

Procambial cells can transform into the meristem cells of a vascular cambium.

What is Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR)?

It is a response to pathogen infection that generates several siRNAs in infected plants.

Why did natural selection favor chemical defenses in plants?

They better protect against herbivores.

What do volatile chemicals from plants do?

They may signal other plants of herbivorous threats and attract insect predators to the damaged ones.

What does high silica content in grasses illustrate?

It exemplifies the trade-off between growth and defense in evolutionary terms.