US History 1 - Unit 1: The New Republic

George Washington

The first president of the United States- set up the government and was constantly brought out of retirement. In his farewell address he warned people to avoid permanent alliances

John Adams

Second president of the United States - set up the Alien and Sedition Acts and midnight judges

Thomas Jefferson

Washington’s Sec of State and third president of the United States - Leader of the DRs, believed that the federal government had too much power, tried to even out the parties in office, approved the Louisiana Purchase, and authorized the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Alexander Hamilton

Washington’s treasurer and leader of the Federalists - set up the national bank, believed that commerce and industry was the key to a strong nation, wanted the elite in the government

Federalists

People who believed and wanted a strong central government

Democratic-Republicans

People who believed and wanted strong state government

John Marshall

Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for over 30 years - His decision in the Marbury v. Madison case set the precedent of judicial review

James Madison

Jefferson’s Sec of State - fought against the Alien and Sedition Acts and Hamilton’s plan for a national bank with Jefferson, didn’t deliver papers for the midnight judges

Judiciary Act of 1789

Set up the federal court system: 6 supreme court justices (1 chief), state court decisions can be applied at a federal level, federal law = supreme

The Bank of the United States

Planned by Hamilton in response to the national debt - issues paper money, handles tax receipts and gov funds

Jay’s Treaty

A treaty with Britain that issued who controlled the west of the Appalachian mountains and allowed British to continue trading in the west. Negotiated by John Jay and signed on Nov 19 1794

Alien and Sedition Acts

A response from Adams to the anti-french atmosphere - required residence increased from 5 to 14 years, president can deport or jail “undesirable” aliens, Fines/jail for ‘false, scandalous, malicious statement’ against the gov

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A response to the Alien and Sedition Acts - argued the A&S Act was misuse of power and allowed states to nullify unconstitutional acts of congress

The Louisiana Purchase

Bought by Jefferson from Napoleon for 15 million- doubled the size of the US but was questioned whether the purchase was constitutional

Marbury v. Madison

led to the precedent of affirming judicial review - was a lawsuit against the federal government to enforce the Judiciary Act of 1789 after Marbury never received his official papers from Madison

Judicial Review

the ability of the supreme court to declare an act of congress unconstitutional

The Whiskey Rebellion

A rebellion of frontier farmers who weren’t happy about the tax on alcohol pushed by Hamilton. The refusal to pay the tax was followed by federal marshals getting beat up. Hamilton’s response was to bring a militia of 15k men to put down the rebellion.

XYZ affair

when France sent 3 low level officials and demanded $250K from America to see the foreign minister to talk about France taking America’s ships

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition to explore the land purchased in the Louisiana Purchase. Led by Lewis and Clark with Sacajawea as their translator. Took 2 years and 4 months.

Rugged Individual

A certain kind of person is required: a confident, assertive, strong, forceful, yet civilized person who will respond to and accept challenges

The Chosen People

America and Americans have been chosen by a higher power (God) to carry out a special mission

The Work Ethic

America was “built” by individuals who are relentlessly productive and industrious

Fair Play

Belief that everybody gets a fair shot, and everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same set of rules