lab 4 microscopic structure and exchange with the environment

Diffusion

the movement of particles from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration

Solute

A substance dissolved in a liquid (the solvent)

Solvent

The substance in which a solute is dissolved in to form a solution

Selectively permeable

A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others

Helps cell maintain homeostasis

Osmosis

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

In other words, the water moves from high water concentration to low

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Provides protection a support

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls the cells activities

The “control centre”

Nuclear membrane

Protects the nucleus, as well as controls what enters and leaves it like RNA & proteins

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes, which build proteins

Mitochondria

Produces energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Covered in ribosomes, modifies and transports proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Makes lipids, as well as detoxifies harmful substances

Ribosomes

Make proteins by following instructions from DNA

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

Lysosomes

Break down waste, old cell parts, and nutrients.

Contain digestive enzymes

Centrioles

Help organize cell division

Found only in animal cells

Chloroplast

Capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis

Found only in plant cells

Cell wall

Provides structure, support, and protection to cell

Found only in plants, fungi, and bacteria

Central vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste.

Helps maintain turgor pressure to keep plant’s structure

hypertonic solution

A solution of higher solute concentration compared to the inside of the cell.

Causes water to move out of the cell by osmosis

Hypotonic solution

A solution of lower solute concentration compared to the inside of the cell.

Causes water to move into the cell by osmosis.

Plasmolyzed

A plant cell that has lost water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from cell wall

Osmotic pressure

The pressure exerted by water moving in a cell by osmosis.

It is the force that prevents further water from entering a cell

Turgid

a plant cell that is swollen and firm because it has taken in water by osmosis.