Ap Psych Unit 2 Pt 3

Intelligence

Mental ability encompassing the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Reliability

Test consistently produces the same results under the same conditions, ensuring its trustworthiness and stability over time

Test-Retest Reliability

Consistency of a measure when it is administered to the same group of individuals at different points in time

Split-Half Reliability

Measures test’s internal consistency by dividing it into two halves (eg: odd and even questions), administering it once, and then correlating people’s performance

Validity

Degree to which test/measurement accurately assesses what it claims to measure

Construct Validity

Degree test accurately assesses specific, underlying theoretical concept it is designed to measure

Predictive Validity

Extent to which test can accurately forecast future performance or behavior based on its results

Aptitude Tests

Assess person’s potential to succeed in a certain area, even if they haven’t received any education/training in it

Ex: ACT/SAT

Achievement Tests

Evaluates individual’s knowledge or proficiency in certain areas they have been taught/trained in

Standardized Tests

Test given and scored under uniform conditions to compare results against social norms and ensure scores are reliable and valid for assessing knowledge

Fixed Mindset

Belief that one’s abilities, intelligence, and talents are static traits that can not be improved or developed

Growth Mindset

Belief that one’s ability and intelligence can be developed through effort, learning, and perseverance

Spearman’s Intelligence Theory (g factor)

Single, underlying cognitive ability (g) that influences performance across all mental tasks, If you do good on one intelligence test you will likely to good on the other

Gardner’s Intelligence Theory

Intelligence not a single general ability but multiple, distinct capabilities

1. Linguistic

2. Logical-Mathematical

3. Spatial

4. Bodily-Kinesthetic

5. Musical

6. Interpersonal

7. Intrapersonal

8. Naturalistic

Sternberg’s Intelligence Theory

Intelligence composed of three interrelated components

1. Analytical

2. Creative

3. Practical

Standford-Binet IQ Test

Classic, standardized intelligence test that measures cognitive abilities across five factors to produce an IQ score

Mental Age

Person’s level of mental development relative to others

Chronological Age

Actual amount of time person had been alive

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Score derived by standardized intelligence tests. (Mental age/Chronological Age) x 100

Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS ) and (WISC)

IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability to provide a comprehensive IQ score

Normal Distribution

_{Frequency distribution where most measurements are centered around the equal mean/median/mode and two sides of curve are symmetrical}

Percentile Rank

Percent of test takers you did better than. Compares your score in relation to others who took the test.

Heritability

Proportion of observed differences on a trait among individual of a population that are due to genetic differences. Higher heritability score means more due to genetic

Factor Analysis

Statistical technique used to identify underlying groups (factors) among many correlated test items or variables

Stereotype Threat

Fear one’s behavior will confirm an existing stereotype a group has. It actually may impair performance on tasks related to that stereotype.

Stereotype Lift

Performance improvement experienced by non-stereotyped group when compared to weaker group leading to increased self esteem

Sociocultural Responsiveness

Understanding and integrating a person’s cultural background, social context, and experiences into psychological services to make them more relevant

Flynn Effect

Observed, long term rise in IQ over generations likely because of better nutrition, education, and healthcare