Operating Systems 1.10-1.11

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47 Terms

1
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Installation and uninstallation of

applications (.dmg)

  • Apple disk image

  • Mountable as a drive in Finder

2
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Installation and uninstallation of

applications (.pkg)

  • Installer package

  • Used to distribute software

  • Similar to exe

  • Runs through an installer script

3
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Installation and uninstallation of

applications (.app)

  • Application bundle

  • Contains the necessary files to use the application

  • ‘View package contents’ from the Finder

4
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Installation and uninstallation of

applications (App Store)

  • Centralized updates and patches

  • Automatic updates available

  • Patch management and see all apps at once

5
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Installation and uninstallation of

applications (Uninstallation process)

  • Move the .app from the trash

  • Some apps have uninstallers in the same directory as the .app file

6
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Apple ID and corporate

restrictions

  • Personal apple products use a personal apple ID

  • Companies use managed apple IDs instead

    • Integrate with active directory

    • Connect to corporate MDM

    • Assign and move apps and digital content to selected users

7
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Best practices (Backups)

  • Time machine

    • Included with mac os

    • Hourly backups for the past 24 hours

    • Daily backups for the past month

    • Weekly backups for all previous months

    • Will automatically delete oldest backups when space is low

8
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Best practices(Antivirus)

  • No native anti-virus

  • Many 3rd party options

  • Automate signature updates

9
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Best practices(Updates/patches)

  • Set Apple to automatically update your software and OS to keep up with security and feature updates

10
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System Preferences(Displays)

  • Configure the location of multiple displays

  • Menu can be moved to any display

  • Move Apple menu to any display

  • Adjust brightness, resolution, etc

11
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System Preferences(Networks)

  • Configure network interfaces

    • wired, wireless

  • Advanced

    • IPv4 and IPv6 manual and automatic

    • Detailed network settings

      • IP, DNS, 802.1x, etc

12
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System Preferences(Printers & Scanners)

  • Configure and add new printers

  • Configure shared printers so that any on your network can print on the printer

  • View status

    • Toner, scanning status

13
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System Preferences(Privacy)

  • Limit application access to private data

    • Location services, photos, calendars, etc

  • Control access to cameras and microphones

    • Enable on per-app basis

  • Unauthorized apps cannot view any data, must go to system preferences

14
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System Preferences(Accessibility)

  • Allow apps to use system input

    • Mouse, keyboard, audio, etc

  • Scripting and automation

    • Requires access for input

  • Limits 3rd party applications

    • Can’t take over keyboard, etc

15
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System Preferences(Time Machine)

  • Automated backups with time machine

16
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Features(Mission Control)

  • Quickly view everything that is running

  • Create multiple desktops

  • To open use ctrl-up arrow or swipe up with 3 fingers

17
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Features(Keychain)

  • Password management

  • Notes

  • Certificates

  • Integrated into the OS

    • 3rd party apps can use this as well

  • Passwords are secure and encrypted

18
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Features(Spotlight)

  • Find files, apps, images, etc

    • Similar to windows search

  • Click magnifying glass in top right

  • Define search categories to filter results

19
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Features(iCloud)

  • Cloud service that can sync over multiple systems

  • Share across apple systems

  • Backup service

20
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Features(Gestures)

  • Do more than point and click

  • Swipe, pinch, click

  • Customizable to new gestures

21
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Features(Finder)

  • Central OS file manager

  • Integrate to other devices

    • File servers

    • Remote storage

    • Screen sharing

22
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Features(Remote Disc)

  • Use an optical drive from another computer

    • Designed for copying files

    • Not for audio CD or video DVD sharing

  • Set up sharing in system preferences

    • Go to sharing→DVD or CD sharing→enable

23
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Features(Dock)

  • Fast access to apps

  • Customize dock easily

  • Small dot below running apps

  • Put folders on dock

  • Can customize position in system preferences→dock→menu bar

24
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Force Quit

  • Stop an application from executing

  • Command-option-escape

    • Then select app and choose quit

  • Hold option key while right clicking and choose force quit

25
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Disk Utility

  • Manage disk and images

    • Resolve issues

  • File system utilities

    • Verify and repair file systems

    • Modify partition details

    • Erase disks

  • Create, convert, and restore images

    • Manage disk images

26
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FileVault

  • Full disk encryption

    • Decryption uses local key or icloud authentication

  • Proper authentication is requires before mac os can start

  • System preferences→security & privacy→file vault

27
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Terminal

  • Command line access to the OS

  • uses linux commands

  • run scripts, manage files, compile code, etc

28
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Linux Common commands (ls)

  • Lists files in a directory or the current directory

  • -a flag to list hidden directories and files

  • -l to list more information and in list format

  • Pipe with more command to list one page at a time “ls -l | more”

29
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Linux Common commands (pwd)

  • Prints the current working directory

30
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Linux Common commands (mv)

  • Moves a file or directory

  • Can be used to rename a file or dir

  • mv <SOURCE> <DEST>

31
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Linux Common commands (cp)

  • Copy file or dir

  • Same syntax as mv

  • -r flag for dir

32
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Linux Common commands (rm)

  • Removes files or dir

  • -r flag for dir

33
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Linux Common commands (chmod)

  • Change mode of a file system object

  • r=read

  • w=write

  • x=execute

34
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Linux Common commands (chown)

  • Change ownership

  • needs sudo

  • “sudo chown [OWNER:GROUP] file”

35
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Linux Common commands (su/sudo)

  • Run a command with elevated privileges

  • “sudo <COMMAND>

36
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Linux Common commands (apt-get)

  • Advanced packaging tool

  • Handles the management of app packages

  • Install, update, or remove apps

  • Ex: sudo apt-get install wireshark

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Linux Common commands (yum)

  • Similar to apt-get

  • Used for redhat versions of linux

  • Manages RPM packages

38
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Linux Common commands (ip)

  • Manage the network interfaces

  • ip address

    • view interface address

  • ip route

    • view the ip routing table

  • ex: sudo ip address add 192.168.121.241/24 dev eth0

39
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Linux Common commands (df)

  • Disk Free

  • Shows the amount of free space in blocks

  • To view it in KB, MB, and GB, use the -h flag

40
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Linux Common commands (grep)

  • Find text in a file

  • Search through many files at a time

  • “grep <STRING> <FILE(S)>

41
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Linux Common commands (ps)

  • View the current processes

  • View all processes “ps -e | more”

42
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Linux Common commands (man)

  • Manual for commands

  • Ex: “man grep” to list all commands and flags for the grep command

43
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Linux Common commands (top)

  • View CPU, RAM

44
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Linux Common commands (find)

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Linux Common commands (dig)

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Linux Common commands (cat)

  • Prints out the contents of a file

47
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Linux Common commands (nano)

  • Text editor

  • Alternative to vim