KIN 325 Exercise Physiology midterm

Karvonen formula

(HRmax - RHR) THR + RHR

Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion

Scale from 6-20 to obtain a subjective estimate of how hard a person feels like he/she is working when exercising

FITT VP

Frequency

Intensity

Time

Type

Volume

Progression

5 basic principles of fitness

Progression

Overload

Specificity

Reversibility

Individuality

Recovery

Myocardial Infarction

Technical name for a heart attack due to lack of blood flow to the heart

Edema

Represents a “swelling” or “filling” of fluid in the body

Ischemic

The most common type of stroke which is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain

Valvulitis (inflammation of the valves)

Most common cause of rheumatic heart disease which is permanent damage to the heart

Angina

Temporary loss of blood supply to the heart and causes chest pain

Congenital heart disease

The leading cause of heart related death the first year of life, due to a defect/disease present at birth

Congestive

This term describes the type of heart failure that occurs when both the left and right side of the heart are “backed up”

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Can lead to myocardial infarction

Stroke

Occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted due to a blockage or a burst blood vessel

Heart failure

Left: there is a backup in the pulmonary veins and lungs leading to shortness of breath and pulmonary edema

Right: blood backs up into the liver and abdomen

Congestive: when both the left and right are blocked

Intake documents

PAR-Q

PAR-Q +

Informed consent

Health history questionnaire

Which energy system is used primarily for activities lasting less than 15 seconds?

ATP-PCr

Which macronutrient provides the majority of ATP during long duration, low intensity exercise?

Fat

What is the net ATP yield per glycogen molecule during anaerobic glycolysis?

3

Role of the Cori cycle

It converts lactate back into glucose in the liver

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in aerobic metabolism?

Transferring e- from NADH and FADH2

Which energy system has the highest ATP yield per molecule of substrate?

Oxidative metabolism

What is the primary benefit of the ATP-PCr system in high intensity exercise?

Provides immediate ATP resynthesis

What is an RER/RQ that we would expect to see if someone is burning fat for energy?

0.70

Explain the cross over concept

When your body fist starts low intensity exercise you burn FAT, but as the intensity remains constant your body transitions to burning CHO for the duration of exercise.

High intensity = burning CHO

Low intensity = burning FAT

Describe the process where lactate is used in metabolism rather than being a waste product

It is used in the Cori cycle, and is converted into glucose in order to be used again to replenish the ATP supply in the glycolytic cycle.

Define RMR, BMR, and TEE. How are they different?

RMR - resting metabolic rate is when your body is in a fasted state, and is the amount of calories you are burning (does not need to be measured by sleep study)

BMR - basal metabolic rate needs to be measured right when you wake up and needs to be during a sleep study (also a way to measure calories burned at rest)

TEE - is measured by using your weight and age to determine how many calories you can/are burning per day, hour, and minute

In the ____ of O2, pyruvate can be converted to ____ and shuttled into the ____.

presence, Acetyl CoA, Kreb’s Cycle

AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) recommendations

PRO: 10-35%

CHO: 45-65%

FAT: 20-35%

What does FEV1 measure?

The amount of air forcibly exhaled in the first second of a forced breath

Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing

Tidal volume (TV)

Which condition is most likely to reduce FEV1 while keeping FVC normal?

Asthma

What is a key factor influencing body weight that is regulated by energy balance?

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Which body composition assessment method is considered the most accurate but most expensive?

Dual-Enery X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

FEV1/FVC Ratio

The percentage of total forced exhalation completed in the first second

Residual Volume (RV)

The amount of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)

The maximum air exchanged in deep, rapid breathing over a short period

Explain the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases in terms of spirometer levels

Obstructive: cause the RV to increase; the TV stays the same, and the IRV & ERV will both decease

Restrictive: cause everything to decrease slightly, so they can appear to be normal when tested. Especially FVC & FVC1 appear unchanged

Describe one evidence based weight management strategy mentioned in the slides, explain why it is effective

Weight training coupled with aerobic training can work well for a lot of patients. These strategies both burn a good amount of fat and help to keep patients healthy after a long period of time. Nutrition plays a big role in this as well, but weight & aerobic training can burn calories and get patients stronger.

Type of measuring the BODPOD uses

Air displacement plethysmograohy

Role of chemoreceptors during exercise

To detect pH/CO2 changes and adjust ventilation

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Alveoli

What is the Bohr effect?

O2 delivery improved to working muscle during exercise

Physical traits that usually define elite endurance athletes

High VO2 max

High LT

High % type I fibers

Efficient/economic

High pain tolerance

Large lungs

What is cardiac drift?

A slow drift from reliance on SV to drive Q to reliance on HR