Addiction

Drugs of Addiction

Coffee, tea, cola: _________

caffeine

Drugs of Addiction

Chocolate: __________

Theobromine

Beer, win, spirits:___________

Ethanol

Cigarettes, vaping: __________

Nicotine

_______ Epidemic

Opioid

Between 2007 and 2012, 780 million_____ and _______ pills were delivered in West Virginia, a state with 1.8 million residents

Hydrocodone, oxycodone

An estimated 18 million Americans are______

Alcoholics

Medication- assisted treatment with opioid ______ and ______ reduces cravings, withdrawal and euphoria

agonists, antagonists

______: partial opioid agonist used in combination with ______(antagonist) to prevent abuse.

buprenorphine, naloxone

buprenorphine: partial opioid agonist use in combination with naloxone (antagonist) to prevent abuse.The combination is calle________

suboxone

Agonist without euphoria

Methadone

Opioid antagonist, also used for alcoholism

Naltrexone

after repeated drug administration there is a strong desire for it

craving

A variety of unpleasant symptoms emerge without the drug

Withdrawal

Repeated administrations of a drug lead to a decreased drug effect

Tolerance

The ______ conditional response helps to maintain a steady state

anticipatory

conditional stimulus(drug administration ritual )-> conditional response(______ response)

compensatory

The conditional response does not need to be the same as the _______ response

unconditional

The Unconditional _____ Response

Morphine Administration

feels good

blocks pain

feels cold

decreased blood pressure

warm skin

dry mouth

Drug

First time drug use: has was response?

unconditional drug response

The ______(compensatory) drug response: negative effects of drug bring you back to homeostasis

conditional

Development of _________: tenth time drug use

tolerance

Revealing the ______ response: eleventh time NO drug but given drug administration ritual

compensatory

What is the compensatory response?

Withdrawal

What eventually allows the individual to anticipate the effects of the drug and attenuate them?

Drug Administration ritual

What kind of clinical implication typically does not work and has a high relapse rate

abstention

_______(unlearning) is the only way to diminish a learned compensatory response. give the drug administration ritual without the drug repeatedly

Extinction

drug delivery without the drug administration ritual slows the development of ?

tolerance

What is the exception for drug overdose, which has a narrow zone in which it is effective for pain and when it suppresses breathing

fentanyl

Addiction is due to a combination of _______ and _______ processes

physical, psychological

______ neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which project to the nucleus accumbens (NA) via the nigrostraital bundle, are acitvated by all of the drugs that are addictive

dopamine

_____ induces the VTA neurons to release dopamine

nicotine

_____ blocks the reuptake of dopamine into VTA neurons

Cocaine

_____ and _____ quiet neurons that would ordinarily inhibit dopamine neurons

Alcohol, opiates

Opiates also mimic the effects of dopamine on the nucleus ______

accumbens

Which agents carries theobromine?

Chocolate

Which drug has recently increased the overdose deaths in the U.S?

fentanyl

Which drug is partial opioid agonist use in combination with naloxone to prevent abuse?

Buprenorphine