Oceanology Chapter 11 Vocab
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29 Terms
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tetrapods
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Vertebrates that have two pairs of legs, a group that includes the cetaceans.
Vertebrates that have two pairs of legs, a group that includes the cetaceans.
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carapace
sea turtles enclosed by an armor-like shell that is fused to the backbone
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temperature-dependent sex determination
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In reptiles, where the sex of offspring is determined by the temperature at which they were incubated.
In reptiles, where the sex of offspring is determined by the temperature at which they were incubated.
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salt gland
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A gland that secretes excess salts in seabirds and sea turtles.
A gland that secretes excess salts in seabirds and sea turtles.
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erythrocyte
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A specialized type of blood cell that carries hemoglobin in vertebrates.
A specialized type of blood cell that carries hemoglobin in vertebrates.
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guano
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The accumulation of the excrement of seabirds.
The accumulation of the excrement of seabirds.
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placenta
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A membrane that connects the embryo with the mother’s womb to provide nourishment.
A membrane that connects the embryo with the mother’s womb to provide nourishment.
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mammary glands
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The milk-secreting glands of mammals.
The milk-secreting glands of mammals.
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blubber
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A thick layer of fat under the skin of many marine mammals.
A thick layer of fat under the skin of many marine mammals.
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convergent evolution
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Evolution in which two different species evolve similar structures because of similar lifestyles.
Evolution in which two different species evolve similar structures because of similar lifestyles.
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flukes
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A group of parasitic flatworms.
A group of parasitic flatworms.
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blowhole
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The nostrils of cetaceans. on top of head forming single or double opening
The nostrils of cetaceans. on top of head forming single or double opening
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baleen
rows of flexible plates made of keratin to replace teeth. inner edge of each plate consists of hair-like bristles that overlap and form a dense mat in the roof of the mouth
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ambergris
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Undigested material that accumulates in sperm whale intestines.
Undigested material that accumulates in sperm whale intestines.
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pod
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A school of cetaceans.
A school of cetaceans.
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spout
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(blow) The water vapor and seawater that is observed when whales surface and exhale.
(blow) The water vapor and seawater that is observed when whales surface and exhale.
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bends
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A painful condition in divers caused by nitrogen bubbles in the blood as a result of surfacing too quickly.
A painful condition in divers caused by nitrogen bubbles in the blood as a result of surfacing too quickly.
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apneustic breathing
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Breathing pattern shown in many marine mammals that involves deep breaths followed by exhalation.
Breathing pattern shown in many marine mammals that involves deep breaths followed by exhalation.
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bradychardia
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The slowing down of heart rate during diving in marine mammals.
The slowing down of heart rate during diving in marine mammals.
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echolocation
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The ability of some animals to sense their surroundings by analyzing the reflection of sound waves, or clicks, they emit.
The ability of some animals to sense their surroundings by analyzing the reflection of sound waves, or clicks, they emit.
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melon
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A fatty structure on the forehead of some cetaceans that is used to direct sound waves emitted during echolocation.
A fatty structure on the forehead of some cetaceans that is used to direct sound waves emitted during echolocation.
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spermaceti organ / spermaceti
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The melon of sperm whales / an oil once widely used in candle making.
The melon of sperm whales / an oil once widely used in candle making.
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breaching
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Leaping into the air by whales.
Leaping into the air by whales.
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Beaching
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A cetacean behavior that involves the stranding individuals or groups on beaches.
A cetacean behavior that involves the stranding individuals or groups on beaches.
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harem
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A large group of females herded by a large male pinniped for the purpose of mating; can also occur in some fishes.
A large group of females herded by a large male pinniped for the purpose of mating; can also occur in some fishes.
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bachelor groups
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Groups of male pinnipeds that are not in control of harems.
Groups of male pinnipeds that are not in control of harems.
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ovulation
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The release of an egg from the ovary.
The release of an egg from the ovary.
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gestation
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The length of time between fertilization and birth in mammals.
The length of time between fertilization and birth in mammals.
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delayed implantation
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The delay in the attachment of the early embryo to the womb in pinnipeds and some other mammals in order to time birth with favorable conditions.
The delay in the attachment of the early embryo to the womb in pinnipeds and some other mammals in order to time birth with favorable conditions.
Note 
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