Unit 2 Reformation

Sir Thomas More

-Wrote Utopia. First model of a society ever, humanist

-Late 1400s-Early 1500s

-His utopia novel was revolutionary to many people and was the first pioneer of a type of social structure

-beheaded by Henry VIII

Erasmus

Christian Humanist, Dutch Humanist, Priest and scholar. *Wrote "Praise of Folly" a satire. Father of Northern Humanism "forerunner of reformation" because he wanted to do away with some church positions and indulgences. (1469-1536)

Gutenberg

Printing Press inventor, German, Helped spread information during the reformation period, Invention circa 1435

Charles V

-1500-1558-king of the Holy Roman Empire -- King of Spain-forced to seek peace with the lutheran princes that were trying to get their own power

Martin Luther

German monk; Johan Tetzel infuriates him; three themes: 1. salvation by faith alone 2. Bible is the only authority 3. priesthood of all believers (95 Theses) Grows into the Primary Reformation religion.

Henry VIII

1491-1547 King of England who broke from the Catholic Church and thereafter declared himself, in the Act of Supremacy, the English sovereign and the head of the Protestant church in England (later known as the Anglican Church) Developed England into a World Power.

John Calvin

John Calvin was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. Believed in Predestination. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. 1509-64

Ignatius of Loyola

1441-1556 Religious leader in the counter- reformation, created the Society of Jesus aka. Jesuits. Their mission was to go outside of Europe and covert more people to Catholicism.

Huguenots

The Huguenots were a groups of French Protestants that lived from about 1560 to 1629. Protestantism was introduced into France between 1520 and 1523, and the principles were accepted by many members of the nobility, the intellectual classes, and the middle class. At first the new religious group was royally protected, but toward the end of the reign of King Francis I they were persecuted.

Pope Leo X

He was the Pope at the time Martin Luther was most powerful. He was a descendant of Cosimo de Medici and he gained his power through family connections. Spent wildly on Art. Know as one of the Renaissance Popes

95 Theses

-Posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Wittenburg Church, 1517

-arguments written against corrupt Church practices. Marks beginning of Reformation

Diet of Worms

(Jan. 28-May 25, 1521) A trial held by the Roman Catholic Church questioning Luther of the authorship of his 95 theses and whether he stood by the beliefs he wrote. The trial held Luther guilty of heresy, an outlaw, and he was excommunicated. Headed by Charles V Holy Roman Empire

Peace of Augsburg

-Signed in 1555, allowed each German prince the right to decide if his state would be Protestant or Catholic-Religious -Ended Charles V vision of a Catholic Europe

English Reformation

-Henry VIII wanted a divorce, pope wouldn't grant it, Henry severed relationship with Roman church, Henry makes self Anglican leader (english pope)

-during Henry's reign the English church changed little

-Anglican Church became the Official Church of England

Council of Trent

1545-1563 Re-Defined the Catholic Reformation. Response to the Protestant Reformation. Part of the Counter Reformation

Edict of Nantes

The declaration of religious toleration- 1598 Allowed Huguenots: -to live in peace in France

-set up their own houses of worship in some cities

Henry IV declared. End of French Wars of Religion

Jan Hus

(c.1372-1415) preached agains the abuses in the church and challenged some of the Church's doctrines. From Bohemia. Eastern Europe

John Wyclif

Was an English Scholastic philosopher, theologian, lay preacher, translator, and. His followers were known as Lollards. A Pre-Reformation reformer.

Mary Tudor

Becomes Queen in 1553. Being a devout Catholic, she makes Catholicism the national religion again. She is called "bloody mary" for her violent acts against Anglicanism.

Predestination

The doctrine, usually associated with Calvinism, that each person's salvation or damnation has been determined by God and that one can do nothing to change it.

Simony

Selling of church offices to collect taxes and fees and the profits from land under the officeholder's control. Clergy who bought their positions provided little spiritual guidance.

Twelve Articles

In 1525 the demand of peasants that believe in Luther to be raised in the German Peasant war.

Witch Hunts

-promoted by church beginning in 1484- brought back supernatural approach to mental illness; many executed were mentally ill- Accepted as authority by Roman Catholics & Protestants