CSAD 111 Exam 3 - Davis

Source filter theory

Source = vocal folds

Filter = vocal tract

Lips

• make ____ and _____ consonants

• Used to remove _____ from spoon

• Drink from a ___

• make /p b m/ and /f v/ consonants

• Used to remove bolus from spoon

• Drink from a cup

Labial frenulum

Philtral ridge

Nose'

Purpose: O___ (smelling), ______ regulation, H____y, _____ control

• Used for production of /m n/

• ____ at tip

• Divided in two by _____

• Purpose: Olfaction, Temperature regulation, Humidity, Particle control

• Used for production of /m n/

• Cartilage at tip

• Divided in two by septum

Nasal vestibule

Nasal turbinates provide _____ and ______

provide moisture, humidity

Eustachian tube in nasopharynx function

• Pressure changes, drainage

ET

Nasal cavity

Buccal Cavity aka your _____

• muscles from ____ to ____

• contain ______ salivary gland

• creates ____ SPACE

• puff up/ suck in your _____

• AKA your cheeks

• Muscles from jaw to skull

• Contain parotid salivary gland

• Creates oral SPACE

• Puff up your cheeks

• Suck in your cheeks

Tongue

• "Lingual"

• Movement (Protrude/retract, Lateralize, Tip up/down, Narrow/widen)

• #1 articulator

Tongue tip

• ____/____

  • part that touches ______ ridge

Apex/blade

- part that touches alveolar ridge

Tongue body

the main mass of the tongue

Tongue root ____ or _____ extends to _____ bone

Root or base of tongue extends to hyoid bone

papillae

Lingual frenulum

Types of teeth

• ____ incisors

• ______ incisor

• c_____

• 1/2nd _____

• 1-3 _____

Central incisors, lateral incisor, canine, 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar

Mandible physiology

• _____ skull bone (detachable)

• _______ joint

• Movement (Raise/lower, Protrude/retract, Lateralize)

• Primary function is ______

• Secondary function is _____

• Unfused skull bone (detachable)

• Tempomandibular joint

• Movement (Raise/lower, Protrude/retract, Lateralize)

• Primary function is mastication (chewing)!

• Secondary function is talking

Hard and soft palate

• functions to separate ____ and ____ cavities

• open/close _____ port

• Velum (n) or velar (adj)

• Functions to separate nasal and oral cavities

• Hard (bony) vs. soft (muscle & mucosa)

- Soft palate can move

- Open/close velopharyngeal port

• Markers: Alveolar ridge (t, d, s, z, l, n), Postalvelor hard palate (SH, R) Palatine raphe (midline sagittal), Uvula, Faucial pillars (palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal arches)

Palatine raphe

faucial pillars

Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal arches

Tonsils

• T/F they are vestigial

• ____ tissue

• part of the body’s _____ system

• can stop ____ entering the body through the ___ or ____

• contain a lot of ___ blood cells

• Lymphatic tissue

• The tonsils are part of the body's immune system. Because of their location at the throat and palate, they can stop germs entering the body through the mouth or the nose. The tonsils also contain a lot of white blood cells, which are responsible for killing germs.

Adenoids

Velopharyngeal port

• elevated and closed by the ____ palate when swallowing to protect the ____ cavity

• remains open for ___ and ___

Elevated and closed by the soft palate when swallowing to protect the nasal cavity. Remains open for speech and breathing.

Pharynx

• nasopharynx: ___ palate to _____ cavity

  • ______ tube

  • a______

  • closes for non-_____ sounds and during _____

• oropharynx: dynamic, ____ pillars to ____ level

• laryngopharynx: ____ to entrance of _____ vestibule

• Nasopharynx: soft palate to nasal cavity

• Eustachian tube

• Adenoids

• Closes for non-nasal sounds and

during swallowing

• Oropharynx: dynamic, faucial pillars to hyoid level

• Laryngopharynx: hyoid to entrance of laryngeal

vestibule

Eustachian tube

• Equalizes pressure between middle ear and pharynx

• Allows drainage from middle ear

Salivary glands

• what are the 3 major glands

• function?

  • keep mouth ___, _____ cohesion, “____” swallow ability, begin to help in breaking down _____

• Three major glands:

1. Sublingual

2. Submandibular

3. Parotid

• Function: Keep mouth moist, Bolus cohesion, "Dry" swallow ability, Begin to help in breaking down food

Frontal bone

parietal bones

Occipital bone

• includes which foramen

Includes foramen magnum

Foramen magnum → medulla oblongata (most caudal portion of brain), accessory nerve (XI), vertebral arteries

Jugular foramen (with temporal bone) → Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves ( N IX, X, XI)

Temporal bones

• Squama

• External auditory meatus

• Processes:

• Zygomatic process

• Styloid process

• Mastoid process

External acoustic meatus → air in meatus conducts sound to the eardrum

Carotid canal → internal carotid artery

Stylomastoid foramen → Facial nerve (N V)

Sutures of the brain

• Sagittal

• Coronal

• Lambdoidal

• Squamous

Fontanelles

• Anterior

• Posterior

• Mastoid

• Sphenoid

Ethmoid bone

• seperates _____ cavity from ____

• Separates nasal cavity from brain

• Perpendicular plate = nasal septum

sphenoid bone

• inner ____ of the eyes

• seperates ____ from _____

• Inner orbit of the eyes (separates eyes from brain)

• Bat or butterfly

Foramen lacerum (with temporal and occipital bones) → internal carotid artery after leaving carotid canal, auditory tube

Foramen ovale → mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ( N V)

Mandible anatomy

• Ramus

• Coronoid process

• Condylar process

• Tempomandibular joint

• Body

• Mental protuberance

• Lower teeth

Maxillae

• Upper jaw & upper teeth

• Anterior ¾ of hard palate

• Lower edge of eye orbit

• Intermaxillary suture

•nasal bones 

Form bridge of nose

•lacrimal 

Form medial wall of eye socket

• form prominence of _____ and inferior/lateral walls of ___ ____

• attaches _____ process

• Zygomatic bones

Form prominence of cheek & inferior/lateral walls of

eye socket

• Attaches to zygomatic process of temporal bone

•palatine bones 

Posterior to maxilla & inferior to sphenoid

• Form the letter "L" where the bottom of the "L" is the posterior ¼ of the hard palate = floor of the nose

• Sides of the "L" form the lateral walls of nasal cavity

divides the nasal _____

•vomer

Divides the nasal septum (the ethmoid perpendicular

plate is posterior)

inferior nasal conchae

•inferior nasal conchae

AKA inferior nasal turbinates

Four sets of air-filled cavities in the skull all have openings that drain to the inside of the nose

10% of the population lack a _____sinus on side and around 4% of the pop. do not have any at all

The ______ are the first to form during human development. They are very small at birth and continue to grow throughout childhood.

Four sets of air-filled cavities in the skull all have openings that drain to the inside of the nose

10% of the population lack a frontal sinus on side and around 4% of the pop. do not have any at all

The maxillary are the first to form during human development. They are very small at birth and continue to grow throughout childhood.

Sinuses

The four sinuses are...

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

Front sinus percentages

About 10% of the population lack a frontal sinus on one side

and around 4% of the population do not have frontal sinuses at all.

Sinus purpose

• T/F remain largely unkown but theories: 

Functioning as _____ chambers for ____

• Supplying _____ air to _____ with ___air in the

nose

• To assist with the sense of ____

• To protect the _____

• To lighten the ____

The function of the sinuses remains largely unknown. Many

theories exist on the reason we have sinuses. They include:

• Functioning as resonance chambers for speech

• Supplying conditioned air to diffuse with inhaled air in the

nose

• To assist with the sense of smell

• To protect the brain (by acting as a "crumple zone" during

blunt trauma to the face and forehead)

• To lighten the skull (hollow spaces in the skull instead of

solid bone)

4 Phases of deglutition

• Oral preparatory phase = mastication + bolus management

• Oral transit phase

• Pharyngeal phase

• (Esophageal phase)

Oral transit pt 1

• Form _____ with tongue

  • Vallecula = “ _____ ___”

  • Tongue base _____

  • Laryngeal ____ begins

• Form "bowl" with tongue

• Vallecula = "spit trap"

• Tongue base retraction

• Laryngeal elevation begins

Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing pt 2

• ____ port closes

• Epiglottis ____ as base of tongue moves _____

• Vocal folds ____(extra protection)

• Larynx ___-

• Laryngeal vestibule ___-

• ____ constricts

• Velopharyngeal port closes

• Epiglottis inverts as base of tongue moves posteriorly

• Vocal folds adduct (extra protection)

• Larynx elevates

• Laryngeal vestibule compresses

• Pharynx constricts

Esophageal Phase of Swallowing pt 3

• Upper ____ sphincter opens

• _____ (rhythmic contractions)

• ____ esophageal sphincter ___

• Bolus reaches ____

• Upper esophageal sphincter opens

• Peristalsis (rhythmic contractions)

• Lower esophageal sphincter opens

• Bolus reaches stomach

If you exclusively breastfeed until 12 months

the kiddo will not develop a munching pattern because kiddos should not be munching on mom! This is totally fine

and appropriate.

decreased ability to chew or pain during chewing; reference for soft foods or hard candies

Decay of Feeding & Chewing Skills In Adults: Dentition

losing control of the bolus, difficulty clearing residue ("stuck in my throat")

Decay of Feeding & Chewing Skills In Adults: Motor control during the swallow

(e.g., tremor): preference for foods that don't need to be cut; difficulty with soups; spilling (consider the social impact of this!)

Decay of Feeding & Chewing Skills In Adults: Motor control during self-feeding

Decay of Feeding & Chewing Skills In Adults: Alertness

T/ F - It is normal to stop eating as a natural part of the dying process. Dying adults are not hungry. Their bodies are shutting down

Feeding tubes prolong life and prevent aspiration

(either from medication or overall status)

• It is normal to stop eating as a natural part of the dying process. Dying adults are not hungry. Their bodies are shutting down.

• Feeding tubes do not prolong life or prevent aspiration. They are major, unnecessary abdominal surgery in these cases.

The TWO main factors in preventing aspiration pneumonia are:

1. Feeding yourself (vs. having a feeder)

2. Good oral hygiene

Fist baby teeth

Lower central incisors: ____ months,

upper central incisors: ___ months

Lower central incisors: 8 months,

upper central incisors: 10 months

First permanent teeth

Lower central incisors: ___-___ years

First molars, upper and lower: ___-___years

Upper central incisors: -_ years

Lower central incisors: 6-7 years

First molars, upper and lower: 6-7 years

Upper central incisors: 7-8 years

Most common congenital craniofacial anomaly*

Oral clefts are present in 1/____ births or ___% (ASHA, 2020)

Can be associated with a variety of syndromes

Can also be _____ (1/1600 births)

Cleft lip/palate percentages

Oral clefts are present in 1/700 births or .15% (ASHA, 2020)

Can be associated with a variety of syndromes

Can also be idiopathic (1/1600 births)

Cleft lip/palate timeline in utero

Lips form around ___weeks, palate fuses by ___weeks

Lips form around 8 weeks, palate fuses by 12 weeks

Where does cleft lip occur?

At the philtral ridge

Where does cleft palate occur?

The roof of the mouth, at the intermaxillary suture

Skull function

• _____ for the _____ tissues of the ___ and ___

• encloses the ____, forms ___ that hold the ____, ____ ear, and vocal ____

Foundation/framework for the soft tissues of the face and head, encloses the brain, forms cavities that hold the eyes, internal ear, and vocal tract.

Normal occlusal relation, first permanent molar of the upper jaw is positioned one-half tooth behind the first permanent molar of the lower jaw.

Class I occlusion (neutroclosuion)

The first molar of the lower jaw is posterior to the normal position

Class II occlusion (distoclusion)

The first molar of the lower jaw is anterior to the normal position

Class III occlusion (mesioclusion)

- Can be opened or closed by velum movement

- When the velum is raised, it forms a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities to prevent sound waves and food from entering the nasal cavities

- When it's open, air can enter and exit the respiratory system through the nasal cavities

Velopharyngeal port

Sagittal suture

Coronal suture

Lamboidal suture

Squamos suture

Anterior fontanelle

Posterior fontanelle

Mastoid fontanelle

Sphenoid fontanelle